ADN Finals Test 1-6: - Questions With Complete
Solutions
You are an emergency-room nurse caring for a trauma patient. Your
patient has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.26, PaCO2
28, HCO3 11 mEq/L. How would you interpret these results?
Correct Answer - Metabolic acidosis with a compensatory
respiratory alkalosis
A patient who is being treated for pneumonia starts complaining of
sudden shortness of breath. An arterial blood gas (ABG) is drawn.
The ABG has the following values: pH 7.21, PaCO2 64 mm Hg, HCO3
= 24 mm Hg. What does the ABG reflect? Correct Answer -
Respiratory acidosis
The nurse is assessing the patient for the presence of a Chvosteks
sign. What electrolyte imbalance would a positive Chvosteks sign
indicate? Correct Answer - Hypocalcemia
The community health nurse is performing a home visit to an 84-
year-old woman recovering from hip surgery. The nurse notes that
the woman seems uncharacteristically confused and has dry mucous
membranes. When asked about her fluid intake, the patient states, I
stop drinking water early in the day because it is just too difficult to
get up during the night to go to the bathroom. What would be the
nurses best response? Correct Answer - Limiting your fluids
can create imbalances in your body that can result in confusion.
Maybe we need to adjust the timing of your fluids.
You are the nurse evaluating a newly admitted patients laboratory
results, which include several values that are outside of reference
ranges. Which of the following would cause the release of
, antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? Correct Answer - Increased
serum sodium
A newly graduated nurse is admitting a patient with a long history of
emphysema. The new nurses preceptor is going over the patients
past lab reports with the new nurse. The nurse takes note that the
patients PaCO2 has been between 56 and 64 mm Hg for several
months. The preceptor asks the new nurse why they will be cautious
administering oxygen. What is the new nurses best response?
Correct Answer - Using oxygen may result in the patient
developing carbon dioxide narcosis and hypoxemia.
The nurse is providing care for a patient with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. When describing the process of respiration the
nurse explains how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
between the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli. The nurse is
describing what process? Correct Answer - Diffusion
You are caring for a patient who is being treated on the oncology
unit with a diagnosis of lung cancer with bone metastases. During
your assessment, you note the patient complains of a new onset of
weakness with abdominal pain. Further assessment suggests that
the patient likely has a fluid volume deficit. You should recognize
that this patient may be experiencing what electrolyte imbalance?
Correct Answer - Hypercalcemia
A patient has questioned the nurses administration of IV normal
saline, asking whether sterile water would be a more appropriate
choice than saltwater. Under what circumstances would the nurse
administer electrolyte-free water intravenously? Correct Answer
- Never, because it rapidly enters red blood cells, causing them to
rupture.
Solutions
You are an emergency-room nurse caring for a trauma patient. Your
patient has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.26, PaCO2
28, HCO3 11 mEq/L. How would you interpret these results?
Correct Answer - Metabolic acidosis with a compensatory
respiratory alkalosis
A patient who is being treated for pneumonia starts complaining of
sudden shortness of breath. An arterial blood gas (ABG) is drawn.
The ABG has the following values: pH 7.21, PaCO2 64 mm Hg, HCO3
= 24 mm Hg. What does the ABG reflect? Correct Answer -
Respiratory acidosis
The nurse is assessing the patient for the presence of a Chvosteks
sign. What electrolyte imbalance would a positive Chvosteks sign
indicate? Correct Answer - Hypocalcemia
The community health nurse is performing a home visit to an 84-
year-old woman recovering from hip surgery. The nurse notes that
the woman seems uncharacteristically confused and has dry mucous
membranes. When asked about her fluid intake, the patient states, I
stop drinking water early in the day because it is just too difficult to
get up during the night to go to the bathroom. What would be the
nurses best response? Correct Answer - Limiting your fluids
can create imbalances in your body that can result in confusion.
Maybe we need to adjust the timing of your fluids.
You are the nurse evaluating a newly admitted patients laboratory
results, which include several values that are outside of reference
ranges. Which of the following would cause the release of
, antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? Correct Answer - Increased
serum sodium
A newly graduated nurse is admitting a patient with a long history of
emphysema. The new nurses preceptor is going over the patients
past lab reports with the new nurse. The nurse takes note that the
patients PaCO2 has been between 56 and 64 mm Hg for several
months. The preceptor asks the new nurse why they will be cautious
administering oxygen. What is the new nurses best response?
Correct Answer - Using oxygen may result in the patient
developing carbon dioxide narcosis and hypoxemia.
The nurse is providing care for a patient with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. When describing the process of respiration the
nurse explains how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
between the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli. The nurse is
describing what process? Correct Answer - Diffusion
You are caring for a patient who is being treated on the oncology
unit with a diagnosis of lung cancer with bone metastases. During
your assessment, you note the patient complains of a new onset of
weakness with abdominal pain. Further assessment suggests that
the patient likely has a fluid volume deficit. You should recognize
that this patient may be experiencing what electrolyte imbalance?
Correct Answer - Hypercalcemia
A patient has questioned the nurses administration of IV normal
saline, asking whether sterile water would be a more appropriate
choice than saltwater. Under what circumstances would the nurse
administer electrolyte-free water intravenously? Correct Answer
- Never, because it rapidly enters red blood cells, causing them to
rupture.
