TEST BANK
g
for Human Learning
g g g g
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15
g g g g g g
, CHAPTERg1
PERSPECTIVESgONgLEARNING
MultiplegChoicegQuestions
Humangbeingsgundoubtedlyglearngmoregduringgthegcoursegofgaglifetimegthanga
nygothergspeciesgongearth.gThegmajorgresultgofgthisgcapacitygtoglearngisgthat:
Newginstinctsgbegingtogemerge.
Humangthoughtgbecomesglessglogicalgwithgeachggeneration.g
Humansgcangbenefitgfromgtheirgexperiences.
Humansgaregthegonlygspeciesgwhosegbehaviorgcannotgbeganalyzedgingt
ermsgofgstimuligandgresponses.
Threegofgthegfollowinggaregexamplesgofglearning.gWhichgonegisgnot?
Abigailgcriesgwhengshegstepsgongagsharpgpebble.
Aftergmanyghoursgofgheatedgdebate,gBriangbeginsgtogadvocateg
politicalgpracticesgheghasgpreviouslygopposed.
Caragsuddenlygrecognizesghowgthegdivisiongfactg―24g’g4g=g6‖gisgrelatedgt
ogthegmultiplicationgfactg―6gxg4g=g24.‖
DavidghasgbeengrunninggawaygfromgGermangshepherdsgevergsincegheg
wasgbittengbygagGermangshepherdgtwogyearsgago.
Reyneldaghasgtroublegtracinggagcomplexgshapegwithgagpencilgwhengshegisgingki
ndergarten,gbutgshegcangdogitgquitegwellgbygthegtimegshegisgingsecondggrade.gIsgthis
ganginstancegofglearning?
Yes,gbecauseghergbehaviorghasgchanged.
No,gbecausegthegcircumstancesgaregtoogdissimilar.
Maybe,galthoughgthegchangegmaygsimplygbegduegtog
physiologicalgmaturation.
Maybe,gbutgonlygifgshegisgbeinggreinforcedgforgtracinggaccurately.
2
, Chapterg1g–gPerspectivesgongLearning
Threegofgthegfollowinggillustrategvariousgwaysgthatglearninggmightg begreflected
gingagperson‘sgbehavior.gWhichgonegofgthegfollowinggchangesgdoesgnotgnecessarilyg
reflectglearning?
Althoughgit‘sgagschoolgnight,gDeangplaysgvideoggamesguntilgwellgpastghisgu
sualgbedtime.gAsghegbecomesgmoregtired,ghegfindsgitgincreasinglygdifficult
gtogconcentrategongwhatghe‘sgdoing.
Evengasgagyounggchild,gJerrygcouldgtellgyougthatghisggrandparentsgi
mmigratedgtogthegUnitedgStatesgfromgIreland.gButgaftergagconversa
tiongwithghisggrandmother,ghegcangnowgdescribegthegcircumstances
gofgthegfamily‘sgimmigrationgingconsiderablegdetail.
Daygaftergday,gMartingpracticesghisgbasketballgskillsg (shooting,gdribbling,g
etc.)gongagbasketballgcourtgatgaglocalgpark.gWithgeachgpracticegsession,ghisg
movementsgbecomegfastergandgsmoother.
Lewisgoccasionallygasksgforghelpgwhengheghasgdifficultygwithghisgclassw
ork,gbutgmostgofgthegtimeghegjustgstrugglesgquietlygonghisgown.gAfterghisgt
eachergassuresghimgthatgaskinggforghelpgisgnotgagsigngofgweaknessgorginab
ility,ghegbeginsgaskinggforghelpgmuchgmoregfrequently.
g researchgexaminesglearninggingtightlygcontrolledgsettingsgand
g researchgexaminesglearninggingreal-worldgsettings.
Applied;gBasicgBasi
c;gQualitativegQualit
ative;gAppliedgBasic;
gApplied
Agprinciplegofglearninggcangbestgbegcharacterizedgas:
Agdescriptiongofgthegresultsgofgagparticulargresearchgstudy
Agstatementgthatgdescribesghowgagparticulargfactorgaffectsglearning
Thegmeasurementgofghowgmuchglearningghasgoccurredgingagp
articulargsituation
Angexplanationgofgthegunderlyinggprocessesgthroughgwhichglearninggoccurs
Agtheorygofglearninggcangbestgbegcharacterizedgas:
Agdescriptiongofgthegresultsgofgagparticulargresearchgstudy
Agstatementgthatgdescribesghowgagparticulargfactorgaffectsglearning
Thegmeasurementgofghowgmuchglearningghasgoccurredgingagp
articulargsituation
Angexplanationgofgthegunderlyinggprocessesgthroughgwhichglearninggoccurs
3
, Chapterg1g–gPerspectivesgongLearning
Threegofgthegfollowinggaregprinciplesgofglearning.gWhichgonegisgagtheory
ofglearninggrathergthangagprinciple?
Agbehaviorgthatgisgfollowedgbygpunishmentgdecreasesgingfrequency.
Peopleglearngbygmakinggmentalgassociationsgbetweengnewginformationg
andgtheirgexistinggknowledge.
Agresponsegthatgisgrewardedgeverygtimegitgoccursgincreasesgmoregr
apidlygthangagresponsegthatgisgonlygoccasionallygrewarded.
Studentsgtendgtogremembergmoregofgaglecturegifgtheygtakegnotesgongthe
glecture‘sgcontent.
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggcommongsayingsgbestgreflectsgthegconceptgo
fgintrospection?
―Wheregthere‘sgagwill,gthere‘sgagway.‖
―Nothinggventured,gnothingggained.‖
―Agpennygforgyourgthoughts.‖
―Oldghabitsgdieghard.‖
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggcommongsayingsgbestgreflectsgthegbasicgp
remisegunderlyinggsocialglearninggtheory?
―Monkeygsee,gmonkeygdo.‖
―Sparegthegrodgandgspoilgthegchild.‖
―Agfriendgingneedgisgagfriendgindeed.‖
―Agrollinggstoneggathersgnogmoss.‖
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggstatementsgprovidesgthegmostgcrediblegexplan
ationgforgthegfactgthatghumangbeingsgseemgtogsurpassgallgotherganimalgspeciesg
ingtheirgthinkinggandglearninggcapacities?
Onlyghumangbeingsghavegthegcapabilitygtogmakegtools.
Humansgcommunicategregularlygwithgoneganothergand,gingdoinggso,g
passgalonggwhatgthey‘veglearnedgtogfutureggenerations.
Humangbeingsghavegaghugegrepertoiregofginstinctualgbehaviorsgfromg
whichgtheygcangdrawgwhengtheygencountergnewgexperiences.
Humangbrainsgaregsmallergthangthosegofgothergintelligentgspeciesg(e.g.,gel
ephants,gdolphins)gandgthereforegcangtransmitgmessagesgmoregquicklygan
dgefficiently.
4
g
for Human Learning
g g g g
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15
g g g g g g
, CHAPTERg1
PERSPECTIVESgONgLEARNING
MultiplegChoicegQuestions
Humangbeingsgundoubtedlyglearngmoregduringgthegcoursegofgaglifetimegthanga
nygothergspeciesgongearth.gThegmajorgresultgofgthisgcapacitygtoglearngisgthat:
Newginstinctsgbegingtogemerge.
Humangthoughtgbecomesglessglogicalgwithgeachggeneration.g
Humansgcangbenefitgfromgtheirgexperiences.
Humansgaregthegonlygspeciesgwhosegbehaviorgcannotgbeganalyzedgingt
ermsgofgstimuligandgresponses.
Threegofgthegfollowinggaregexamplesgofglearning.gWhichgonegisgnot?
Abigailgcriesgwhengshegstepsgongagsharpgpebble.
Aftergmanyghoursgofgheatedgdebate,gBriangbeginsgtogadvocateg
politicalgpracticesgheghasgpreviouslygopposed.
Caragsuddenlygrecognizesghowgthegdivisiongfactg―24g’g4g=g6‖gisgrelatedgt
ogthegmultiplicationgfactg―6gxg4g=g24.‖
DavidghasgbeengrunninggawaygfromgGermangshepherdsgevergsincegheg
wasgbittengbygagGermangshepherdgtwogyearsgago.
Reyneldaghasgtroublegtracinggagcomplexgshapegwithgagpencilgwhengshegisgingki
ndergarten,gbutgshegcangdogitgquitegwellgbygthegtimegshegisgingsecondggrade.gIsgthis
ganginstancegofglearning?
Yes,gbecauseghergbehaviorghasgchanged.
No,gbecausegthegcircumstancesgaregtoogdissimilar.
Maybe,galthoughgthegchangegmaygsimplygbegduegtog
physiologicalgmaturation.
Maybe,gbutgonlygifgshegisgbeinggreinforcedgforgtracinggaccurately.
2
, Chapterg1g–gPerspectivesgongLearning
Threegofgthegfollowinggillustrategvariousgwaysgthatglearninggmightg begreflected
gingagperson‘sgbehavior.gWhichgonegofgthegfollowinggchangesgdoesgnotgnecessarilyg
reflectglearning?
Althoughgit‘sgagschoolgnight,gDeangplaysgvideoggamesguntilgwellgpastghisgu
sualgbedtime.gAsghegbecomesgmoregtired,ghegfindsgitgincreasinglygdifficult
gtogconcentrategongwhatghe‘sgdoing.
Evengasgagyounggchild,gJerrygcouldgtellgyougthatghisggrandparentsgi
mmigratedgtogthegUnitedgStatesgfromgIreland.gButgaftergagconversa
tiongwithghisggrandmother,ghegcangnowgdescribegthegcircumstances
gofgthegfamily‘sgimmigrationgingconsiderablegdetail.
Daygaftergday,gMartingpracticesghisgbasketballgskillsg (shooting,gdribbling,g
etc.)gongagbasketballgcourtgatgaglocalgpark.gWithgeachgpracticegsession,ghisg
movementsgbecomegfastergandgsmoother.
Lewisgoccasionallygasksgforghelpgwhengheghasgdifficultygwithghisgclassw
ork,gbutgmostgofgthegtimeghegjustgstrugglesgquietlygonghisgown.gAfterghisgt
eachergassuresghimgthatgaskinggforghelpgisgnotgagsigngofgweaknessgorginab
ility,ghegbeginsgaskinggforghelpgmuchgmoregfrequently.
g researchgexaminesglearninggingtightlygcontrolledgsettingsgand
g researchgexaminesglearninggingreal-worldgsettings.
Applied;gBasicgBasi
c;gQualitativegQualit
ative;gAppliedgBasic;
gApplied
Agprinciplegofglearninggcangbestgbegcharacterizedgas:
Agdescriptiongofgthegresultsgofgagparticulargresearchgstudy
Agstatementgthatgdescribesghowgagparticulargfactorgaffectsglearning
Thegmeasurementgofghowgmuchglearningghasgoccurredgingagp
articulargsituation
Angexplanationgofgthegunderlyinggprocessesgthroughgwhichglearninggoccurs
Agtheorygofglearninggcangbestgbegcharacterizedgas:
Agdescriptiongofgthegresultsgofgagparticulargresearchgstudy
Agstatementgthatgdescribesghowgagparticulargfactorgaffectsglearning
Thegmeasurementgofghowgmuchglearningghasgoccurredgingagp
articulargsituation
Angexplanationgofgthegunderlyinggprocessesgthroughgwhichglearninggoccurs
3
, Chapterg1g–gPerspectivesgongLearning
Threegofgthegfollowinggaregprinciplesgofglearning.gWhichgonegisgagtheory
ofglearninggrathergthangagprinciple?
Agbehaviorgthatgisgfollowedgbygpunishmentgdecreasesgingfrequency.
Peopleglearngbygmakinggmentalgassociationsgbetweengnewginformationg
andgtheirgexistinggknowledge.
Agresponsegthatgisgrewardedgeverygtimegitgoccursgincreasesgmoregr
apidlygthangagresponsegthatgisgonlygoccasionallygrewarded.
Studentsgtendgtogremembergmoregofgaglecturegifgtheygtakegnotesgongthe
glecture‘sgcontent.
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggcommongsayingsgbestgreflectsgthegconceptgo
fgintrospection?
―Wheregthere‘sgagwill,gthere‘sgagway.‖
―Nothinggventured,gnothingggained.‖
―Agpennygforgyourgthoughts.‖
―Oldghabitsgdieghard.‖
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggcommongsayingsgbestgreflectsgthegbasicgp
remisegunderlyinggsocialglearninggtheory?
―Monkeygsee,gmonkeygdo.‖
―Sparegthegrodgandgspoilgthegchild.‖
―Agfriendgingneedgisgagfriendgindeed.‖
―Agrollinggstoneggathersgnogmoss.‖
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggstatementsgprovidesgthegmostgcrediblegexplan
ationgforgthegfactgthatghumangbeingsgseemgtogsurpassgallgotherganimalgspeciesg
ingtheirgthinkinggandglearninggcapacities?
Onlyghumangbeingsghavegthegcapabilitygtogmakegtools.
Humansgcommunicategregularlygwithgoneganothergand,gingdoinggso,g
passgalonggwhatgthey‘veglearnedgtogfutureggenerations.
Humangbeingsghavegaghugegrepertoiregofginstinctualgbehaviorsgfromg
whichgtheygcangdrawgwhengtheygencountergnewgexperiences.
Humangbrainsgaregsmallergthangthosegofgothergintelligentgspeciesg(e.g.,gel
ephants,gdolphins)gandgthereforegcangtransmitgmessagesgmoregquicklygan
dgefficiently.
4
