PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY
CARE 11TH EDITION:
CHAPTERS 1-6 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
r
te
VERIFIED AND APPROVED
as
BY A PHD EXPERT AND
GRADED A+
M
n
io
at
du
ra
G
,Advanced Emergency Medical Technician
-Provides both basic and limited advanced emergency medical care and transportation to
patients in the per-hospital environment.
-Does everything an EMT does plus also uses advanced airway devices, monitors blood
glucose levels, administers a select number of medications
Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)
-Protects individuals who have a documented disability from being denied initial or continued
employment based on their disability
r
-Employer has to make the necessary adjustment so the person with the disability is not denied
te
employment.
as
Emergency Medical Responder
-Similar to first responder level
-Provides immediate lifesaving care to patients who have accessed the EMS system and while
M
awaiting response from a higher-level EMS practitioner
What they do:
1. Basic airway, ventilation, and oxygen devices
n
2. Vitals
3. Stabilization of the spine and suspected extremity injuries
io
4. Eye irrigation
5. Bleeding control
6. Emergency Moves, CPR
at
7. Automated external defibrillation (AED)
8. Emergency childbirth care
du
Emergency Medical Technician
-Provide basic emergency medical care and transportation to patients who access the EMS
ra
system
What they do: everything an EMR does, but on an ambulance, plus:
G
1. Use advanced oxygen therapy and ventilation equipment
2. Pulse oximetry
3. Automatic blood pressure monitoring equipment
4. Limited medication administration
EMS System
-Permits patient care to begin at the scene of injury or illness
,-Part of a continuum of patient care that extends from the time of injury or illness until
rehabilitation or discharge
Evidence-Based Medicine
-Focuses on research to provide clear evidence that certain procedures, medications, and
equipment improve the patient's outcome.
Steps that are common in evidenced-based decision making:
r
1. Formulate a question about emergency care that needs to be answered
te
2. Search medical literature for research data that are related and applicable to the question
3. Appraise the evidence for validity and reliability
4. IF evidence supports a change in practice, change protocols and implement the change in
as
pre-hospital emergency care.
Limitation: not enough research done on it.
Medical Direction
M
-Developing and establishing the guidelines under which the emergency medical service
n
personnel function.
io
Medical Director
-Physician who is legally responsible for the clinical and patient care aspects of the EMS
at
system.
-Also teaches EMS education and refresher courses, facilitates quality improvement system.
-Also responsible for providing medical direction
du
Medical Oversight
ra
-Describes the EMS system medical director's responsibilities
-Include all of the clinical and administrative functions and activities performed by the medical
director
G
Off-line Medical Direction
-Provided through a set of predetermined, written guidelines that allow EMTs to use their
judgement to administer emergency medical care (without having to contact physician)
On-line Medical Direction
, -Requires that the EMT acquire permission from a physician (in any way) prior to administering
specific emergency care.
Paramedic
-Can do all things EMTs and AEMTs do with the addition of:
1. More advanced assessment and patient management skills and provision of the highest level
of pre-hospital care
2. Field impression
r
3. Provide invasive and drug interventions as well as transport
te
Pre-hospital Care
as
-Emergency medical treatment given to patients before they are transported to a hospital or
other facility.
Protocols
M
-Comprise a full set of guidelines that define the entire scope of medical care (triage, treatment,
transport, destination).
n
-AKA orders, may consist of off-line and on-line medical direction.
io
Quality Improvement
-AKA continuous quality improvement
at
-System of internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an emergency medical
system
-Goals are to identify those aspects of the system that can be improved and to implement plans
du
and programs that will remedy any shortcomings
ra
Standing Orders
-Subset of protocols that don't require real-time physician input
-Sometimes can be performed if communication cannot be established or is lost with medical
G
direction.
Describe lessons learned in trauma care from experiences in Koren and Vietnam conflicts
-It was obvious that injured war soldiers in these wars benefited from emergency care in the
field prior to transport
-This helped the civilian EMS system evolve immensely
CARE 11TH EDITION:
CHAPTERS 1-6 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
r
te
VERIFIED AND APPROVED
as
BY A PHD EXPERT AND
GRADED A+
M
n
io
at
du
ra
G
,Advanced Emergency Medical Technician
-Provides both basic and limited advanced emergency medical care and transportation to
patients in the per-hospital environment.
-Does everything an EMT does plus also uses advanced airway devices, monitors blood
glucose levels, administers a select number of medications
Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)
-Protects individuals who have a documented disability from being denied initial or continued
employment based on their disability
r
-Employer has to make the necessary adjustment so the person with the disability is not denied
te
employment.
as
Emergency Medical Responder
-Similar to first responder level
-Provides immediate lifesaving care to patients who have accessed the EMS system and while
M
awaiting response from a higher-level EMS practitioner
What they do:
1. Basic airway, ventilation, and oxygen devices
n
2. Vitals
3. Stabilization of the spine and suspected extremity injuries
io
4. Eye irrigation
5. Bleeding control
6. Emergency Moves, CPR
at
7. Automated external defibrillation (AED)
8. Emergency childbirth care
du
Emergency Medical Technician
-Provide basic emergency medical care and transportation to patients who access the EMS
ra
system
What they do: everything an EMR does, but on an ambulance, plus:
G
1. Use advanced oxygen therapy and ventilation equipment
2. Pulse oximetry
3. Automatic blood pressure monitoring equipment
4. Limited medication administration
EMS System
-Permits patient care to begin at the scene of injury or illness
,-Part of a continuum of patient care that extends from the time of injury or illness until
rehabilitation or discharge
Evidence-Based Medicine
-Focuses on research to provide clear evidence that certain procedures, medications, and
equipment improve the patient's outcome.
Steps that are common in evidenced-based decision making:
r
1. Formulate a question about emergency care that needs to be answered
te
2. Search medical literature for research data that are related and applicable to the question
3. Appraise the evidence for validity and reliability
4. IF evidence supports a change in practice, change protocols and implement the change in
as
pre-hospital emergency care.
Limitation: not enough research done on it.
Medical Direction
M
-Developing and establishing the guidelines under which the emergency medical service
n
personnel function.
io
Medical Director
-Physician who is legally responsible for the clinical and patient care aspects of the EMS
at
system.
-Also teaches EMS education and refresher courses, facilitates quality improvement system.
-Also responsible for providing medical direction
du
Medical Oversight
ra
-Describes the EMS system medical director's responsibilities
-Include all of the clinical and administrative functions and activities performed by the medical
director
G
Off-line Medical Direction
-Provided through a set of predetermined, written guidelines that allow EMTs to use their
judgement to administer emergency medical care (without having to contact physician)
On-line Medical Direction
, -Requires that the EMT acquire permission from a physician (in any way) prior to administering
specific emergency care.
Paramedic
-Can do all things EMTs and AEMTs do with the addition of:
1. More advanced assessment and patient management skills and provision of the highest level
of pre-hospital care
2. Field impression
r
3. Provide invasive and drug interventions as well as transport
te
Pre-hospital Care
as
-Emergency medical treatment given to patients before they are transported to a hospital or
other facility.
Protocols
M
-Comprise a full set of guidelines that define the entire scope of medical care (triage, treatment,
transport, destination).
n
-AKA orders, may consist of off-line and on-line medical direction.
io
Quality Improvement
-AKA continuous quality improvement
at
-System of internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an emergency medical
system
-Goals are to identify those aspects of the system that can be improved and to implement plans
du
and programs that will remedy any shortcomings
ra
Standing Orders
-Subset of protocols that don't require real-time physician input
-Sometimes can be performed if communication cannot be established or is lost with medical
G
direction.
Describe lessons learned in trauma care from experiences in Koren and Vietnam conflicts
-It was obvious that injured war soldiers in these wars benefited from emergency care in the
field prior to transport
-This helped the civilian EMS system evolve immensely
