TMSCA SCIENCE PREP QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
Deciduous tree - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅"Deciduous" means "tending to fall off." These plants lose
their leaves seasonally to maintain homeostasis during the winter. (leaves change color)
Coniferous trees - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Any tree that reproduces via cones. (can have a
coniferous-deciduous tree)
Sun spots - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Darker, cooler areas on the sun's surface.
Prominence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A prominence is a large, bright, gaseous feature extending
outward from the Sun's surface, often in a loop shape. Anchored in the photosphere and extend to the
corona.
Solar flare - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A sudden flash of brightness observed near the Sun's surface.
Maria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅(Plural for Mare) Smooth dark areas on the moon's surface. Made
up of basalt. (formed by ancient volcanic eruptions)
Primary Succession - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅One of two types of succession. Occurs in lifeless
areas. Regions where soil cannot maintain life. Starts with lichens and small plants, then grasses and
perennials, shrubs and shade-intolerant trees like pine and then finally shade-tolerant trees like oak and
hickory.
Secondary Succession - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Changes on a previously colonized, but damaged
and disturbed region (ex. after fires) Occurs faster than Primary Succession because there is soil and
therefore no pioneer species need to grow. First annual plants grow, then grasses and perennials,
shrubs, pines, oak and hickory, then a mature oak and hickory forest.
Cell Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Enclosed by plasma membrane. Separates material inside
and outside the cell. Controls passage of materials in a cell. Responsible for endocytosis. In BOTH types
of cells. (Animal and Plant)
,Endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Bulk transport. Materials move into the cell through
membrane and form vacuoles.
Exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Bulk transport. Materials move out of the cell through the
membrane and form vacuoles.
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅External Appearance
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Internal chemical makeup
Dominant trait - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Trait that will appear in offspring if parent contributes to it.
Capital letters.
Recessive trait - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Can be carried without being visible on a person. Not the
dominant trait (hidden) Lowercase letters.
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Contains two different alleles of a gene. (1 Dominant, 1
Recessive)
Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Identical alleles for a single trait (Dominant or Recessive)
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Control Center. Formed by the nuclear membrane. Contains
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Dense region of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus. In BOTH
types of cells. Makes Ribosomes.
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Gel-like fluid inside the cell. Materials move by diffusion here.
In BOTH types of cells.
,Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Substance moves from an area of high concentration to low
concentration until it becomes equal
Cytosol - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Portion of Cytoplasm not within membrane-bound organelles
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Double-stranded nucleic acid that makes up
genes and chromosomes. Hereditary materials.
Chloroplast - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In a PLANT CELL. Captures energy from sunlight. Uses energy
to produce cell food, which is sugar. Process called photosynthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In BOTH types of cells. Carries substances, like
proteins, to various parts of the cell.
Golgi Body/Complex - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In BOTH types of cells. Receives materials from
endoplasmic reticulum, distributes materials.
Large Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In a PLANT CELL. Stores water, food, waste and more for a
plant cell.
Lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In an ANIMAL CELL. Contain chemicals that break down certain
materials. Breaks down dead cells.
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In BOTH types of cells. Organelle that produce most of the
cells energy, which is ATP. (not in bacterial cells)
Ribosome - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In BOTH types of cells. Produces proteins.
Small Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In an ANIMAL CELL. Transport and stores materials,
including waste.
, Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In a PLANT cell. Helps protect and support the cell. Gives a plant
cell a shape. Made of cellulose
Kettle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A depression in a glacial outwash drift made by the melting of a
detached mass of glacial ice that became wholly or partly buried.
Moraine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of
unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock) that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions
on Earth
Till - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Unsorted material deposited directly by glacial ice and showing no
stratification (division of layer in rock).
Outwash Plain - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅plain formed of glacial sediments deposited by meltwater
outwash at the terminus of a glacier.
Lahar - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano.
Slump - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Slump, in geology, downward intermittent movement of rock
debris, usually the consequence of removal of buttressing earth at the foot of a slope of unconsolidated
material
Creep - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅slow downward progression of rock and soil down a low grade
slope; it can also refer to slow deformation of such materials as a result of prolonged pressure and
stress.
rock fall - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a descent of loose rocks.
Function of Digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Digestion and absorption of nutrients
Function of Circulatory System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The human circulatory system functions to
transport blood and oxygen from the lungs to the various tissues of the body.
Deciduous tree - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅"Deciduous" means "tending to fall off." These plants lose
their leaves seasonally to maintain homeostasis during the winter. (leaves change color)
Coniferous trees - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Any tree that reproduces via cones. (can have a
coniferous-deciduous tree)
Sun spots - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Darker, cooler areas on the sun's surface.
Prominence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A prominence is a large, bright, gaseous feature extending
outward from the Sun's surface, often in a loop shape. Anchored in the photosphere and extend to the
corona.
Solar flare - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A sudden flash of brightness observed near the Sun's surface.
Maria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅(Plural for Mare) Smooth dark areas on the moon's surface. Made
up of basalt. (formed by ancient volcanic eruptions)
Primary Succession - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅One of two types of succession. Occurs in lifeless
areas. Regions where soil cannot maintain life. Starts with lichens and small plants, then grasses and
perennials, shrubs and shade-intolerant trees like pine and then finally shade-tolerant trees like oak and
hickory.
Secondary Succession - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Changes on a previously colonized, but damaged
and disturbed region (ex. after fires) Occurs faster than Primary Succession because there is soil and
therefore no pioneer species need to grow. First annual plants grow, then grasses and perennials,
shrubs, pines, oak and hickory, then a mature oak and hickory forest.
Cell Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Enclosed by plasma membrane. Separates material inside
and outside the cell. Controls passage of materials in a cell. Responsible for endocytosis. In BOTH types
of cells. (Animal and Plant)
,Endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Bulk transport. Materials move into the cell through
membrane and form vacuoles.
Exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Bulk transport. Materials move out of the cell through the
membrane and form vacuoles.
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅External Appearance
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Internal chemical makeup
Dominant trait - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Trait that will appear in offspring if parent contributes to it.
Capital letters.
Recessive trait - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Can be carried without being visible on a person. Not the
dominant trait (hidden) Lowercase letters.
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Contains two different alleles of a gene. (1 Dominant, 1
Recessive)
Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Identical alleles for a single trait (Dominant or Recessive)
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Control Center. Formed by the nuclear membrane. Contains
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Dense region of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus. In BOTH
types of cells. Makes Ribosomes.
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Gel-like fluid inside the cell. Materials move by diffusion here.
In BOTH types of cells.
,Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Substance moves from an area of high concentration to low
concentration until it becomes equal
Cytosol - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Portion of Cytoplasm not within membrane-bound organelles
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Double-stranded nucleic acid that makes up
genes and chromosomes. Hereditary materials.
Chloroplast - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In a PLANT CELL. Captures energy from sunlight. Uses energy
to produce cell food, which is sugar. Process called photosynthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In BOTH types of cells. Carries substances, like
proteins, to various parts of the cell.
Golgi Body/Complex - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In BOTH types of cells. Receives materials from
endoplasmic reticulum, distributes materials.
Large Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In a PLANT CELL. Stores water, food, waste and more for a
plant cell.
Lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In an ANIMAL CELL. Contain chemicals that break down certain
materials. Breaks down dead cells.
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In BOTH types of cells. Organelle that produce most of the
cells energy, which is ATP. (not in bacterial cells)
Ribosome - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In BOTH types of cells. Produces proteins.
Small Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In an ANIMAL CELL. Transport and stores materials,
including waste.
, Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In a PLANT cell. Helps protect and support the cell. Gives a plant
cell a shape. Made of cellulose
Kettle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A depression in a glacial outwash drift made by the melting of a
detached mass of glacial ice that became wholly or partly buried.
Moraine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of
unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock) that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions
on Earth
Till - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Unsorted material deposited directly by glacial ice and showing no
stratification (division of layer in rock).
Outwash Plain - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅plain formed of glacial sediments deposited by meltwater
outwash at the terminus of a glacier.
Lahar - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano.
Slump - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Slump, in geology, downward intermittent movement of rock
debris, usually the consequence of removal of buttressing earth at the foot of a slope of unconsolidated
material
Creep - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅slow downward progression of rock and soil down a low grade
slope; it can also refer to slow deformation of such materials as a result of prolonged pressure and
stress.
rock fall - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a descent of loose rocks.
Function of Digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Digestion and absorption of nutrients
Function of Circulatory System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The human circulatory system functions to
transport blood and oxygen from the lungs to the various tissues of the body.
