VABC section 4 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Systemic circulation venous - CORRECT ANSWER - Transports deoxygenated blood
from tissue back to right side of heart
Thinner wall 10% of diameter
Collapsible and distend able
Superficial and deep
Contains valves to prevent back flow of blood
Dark non pulsatilla blood
Flow rates relatively slow compared to arterial
Systemic circulation venous - CORRECT ANSWER - Transports deoxygenated blood
from tissue back to right side of heart
Thinner wall 10% of diameter
Collapsible and distendable
Superficial and deep
Contains valves to prevent back flow of blood
Dark non pulsatile blood
Flow rates relatively slow compared to arterial
Pulmonary veins - CORRECT ANSWER - transport oxygenated blood to left side of the
heart
Pulmonary artery - CORRECT ANSWER - transport unoxygenated blood to pulmonary
capillary bed for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Tunica Adventia venous - CORRECT ANSWER - Outermost layer
Connective tissue supportive layer
,Tunica advenia arterial - CORRECT ANSWER - Outermost layer
Thicker layer of connective tissue compared with veins, to transport greater pressure from the
force of blood flow
Tunica media venous - CORRECT ANSWER - Middle layer
Composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissues
Collapsible/distensible
Contains nerve fibers for vaconstriction and vasodilation
Change in temp or mechanical or chemical irritation may produce spasms
Tunica media arterial - CORRECT ANSWER - Middle layer
Composed of more layers of smooth muscle and elastic tissues and more rigid when compared to
veins
Tend not to collapse
Regulates blood flow
Vasoconstricts with pain and anxiety ,change in temp or by mechanical or chemical irritation
may produce spasms
Tunica intima venous (Endothelium) - CORRECT ANSWER - Innermost layer
Single layer of smooth flat endothelial cells lining all blood vessels, including veins, arteries,
heart and valves and capillaries
Non thrombogenic
Damage exposes underlying collagen layer and initiates activation of platelets to create a platelet
plug and activates clotting cascade to deposit fibrin in the platelet plug
Thrombus formation of larger deeper veins can lead to venous thrombosis
Tunica intima arterial (Endothelium) - CORRECT ANSWER - Innermost layer
Single layer of smooth flat endothelial cells lining all blood vessels
, Non thrombogenic
Damage to this layer can cause thrombus formation
Loosening of a large thrombus can cause significant embroil events such as stroke (brain)
pulmonary embolus (lung) or other end organ or the the periphery (leg)
Venous valves - CORRECT ANSWER - Found in the larger veins of the extremities
Composed of endothelial leaflets
Function is to keep blood flowing toward of the heart
Occur at points of branching and often cause noticeable bulge in veins
Valves arterial - CORRECT ANSWER - NA
Digital veins: Anatomic route and clinical considerations - CORRECT ANSWER - AR:
Along lateral distal portion of fingers. CC: Fingers may require splinting and increased risk for
infiltration.
Metacarpal veins: Anatomic route and clinical considerations - CORRECT ANSWER -
AR: Dorsum of hand, formed by the Union of the digital veins between the knuckles. CC: Easily
accessible, lies flat on back of the hand
Cephalic vein: Anatomic route - CORRECT ANSWER - Superficial vein that arises from
the radial side of the dorsal side of the wrist (thumb side) and continues to the antecubical fossa.
Above the elbow it ascends superficially along the lateral border of the biceps muscle and the
pectoral border of the deltoid muscle and merges into the axillary vein. Occasionally connected
with the EJ or subclavian vein by a branch that passes upward in front of the clavicle
Cephalic vein: - CORRECT ANSWER - Smaller than the basilic vein and often smaller
than the brachial vein
Often narrows as it descends up the arm
Often makes a sharp turn as it enters axillary vein causing diffulty with advancement with piccs
Higher risk with mechanical phlebitis with placement of piccs in Cephalic vein
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Systemic circulation venous - CORRECT ANSWER - Transports deoxygenated blood
from tissue back to right side of heart
Thinner wall 10% of diameter
Collapsible and distend able
Superficial and deep
Contains valves to prevent back flow of blood
Dark non pulsatilla blood
Flow rates relatively slow compared to arterial
Systemic circulation venous - CORRECT ANSWER - Transports deoxygenated blood
from tissue back to right side of heart
Thinner wall 10% of diameter
Collapsible and distendable
Superficial and deep
Contains valves to prevent back flow of blood
Dark non pulsatile blood
Flow rates relatively slow compared to arterial
Pulmonary veins - CORRECT ANSWER - transport oxygenated blood to left side of the
heart
Pulmonary artery - CORRECT ANSWER - transport unoxygenated blood to pulmonary
capillary bed for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Tunica Adventia venous - CORRECT ANSWER - Outermost layer
Connective tissue supportive layer
,Tunica advenia arterial - CORRECT ANSWER - Outermost layer
Thicker layer of connective tissue compared with veins, to transport greater pressure from the
force of blood flow
Tunica media venous - CORRECT ANSWER - Middle layer
Composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissues
Collapsible/distensible
Contains nerve fibers for vaconstriction and vasodilation
Change in temp or mechanical or chemical irritation may produce spasms
Tunica media arterial - CORRECT ANSWER - Middle layer
Composed of more layers of smooth muscle and elastic tissues and more rigid when compared to
veins
Tend not to collapse
Regulates blood flow
Vasoconstricts with pain and anxiety ,change in temp or by mechanical or chemical irritation
may produce spasms
Tunica intima venous (Endothelium) - CORRECT ANSWER - Innermost layer
Single layer of smooth flat endothelial cells lining all blood vessels, including veins, arteries,
heart and valves and capillaries
Non thrombogenic
Damage exposes underlying collagen layer and initiates activation of platelets to create a platelet
plug and activates clotting cascade to deposit fibrin in the platelet plug
Thrombus formation of larger deeper veins can lead to venous thrombosis
Tunica intima arterial (Endothelium) - CORRECT ANSWER - Innermost layer
Single layer of smooth flat endothelial cells lining all blood vessels
, Non thrombogenic
Damage to this layer can cause thrombus formation
Loosening of a large thrombus can cause significant embroil events such as stroke (brain)
pulmonary embolus (lung) or other end organ or the the periphery (leg)
Venous valves - CORRECT ANSWER - Found in the larger veins of the extremities
Composed of endothelial leaflets
Function is to keep blood flowing toward of the heart
Occur at points of branching and often cause noticeable bulge in veins
Valves arterial - CORRECT ANSWER - NA
Digital veins: Anatomic route and clinical considerations - CORRECT ANSWER - AR:
Along lateral distal portion of fingers. CC: Fingers may require splinting and increased risk for
infiltration.
Metacarpal veins: Anatomic route and clinical considerations - CORRECT ANSWER -
AR: Dorsum of hand, formed by the Union of the digital veins between the knuckles. CC: Easily
accessible, lies flat on back of the hand
Cephalic vein: Anatomic route - CORRECT ANSWER - Superficial vein that arises from
the radial side of the dorsal side of the wrist (thumb side) and continues to the antecubical fossa.
Above the elbow it ascends superficially along the lateral border of the biceps muscle and the
pectoral border of the deltoid muscle and merges into the axillary vein. Occasionally connected
with the EJ or subclavian vein by a branch that passes upward in front of the clavicle
Cephalic vein: - CORRECT ANSWER - Smaller than the basilic vein and often smaller
than the brachial vein
Often narrows as it descends up the arm
Often makes a sharp turn as it enters axillary vein causing diffulty with advancement with piccs
Higher risk with mechanical phlebitis with placement of piccs in Cephalic vein
