TEST BANK FOR NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY CAR
h h h h h h h
E 5TH EDITION BY WALSH
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Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development Test Bank
h h h h h h
MULTIPLEhCHOICE
5. WhathishthehpurposehofhthehsubstancehsecretedhbyhthehtypehIIhpneumocyte?
a. Tohincreasehthehgashexchangehsurfaceharea
b. Tohreducehsurfacehtension
c. Tohmaintainhlunghelasticity
d. Tohpreservehthehvolumehofhthehamniotichfluid
ANS:hB
Thehprimaryhrolehofhmammalianhsurfactanthishtohlowerhthehsurfacehtensionhwithinhthehalveolus,hspeci
ficallyhaththehair–
liquidhinterface.hThishallowshthehdelicatehstructurehofhthehalveolushtohexpandhwhenhfilledhwithhair.hW
ithouthsurfactant,hthehalveolushremainshcollapsedhbecausehofhthe
highhsurfacehtensionhofhthehmoisthalveolarhsurface.hSurfactanthishcomposedhpredominantlyhofhanhintr
icatehblendhofhphospholipids,hneutralhlipids,handhproteins.
,REF:hp.h8
6. Whichhofhthehfollowinghtestshofhthehamniotichfluidhhavehbeenhshownhtohbehsensitivehi
ndicatorshofhlunghmaturity?
a. Levelshofhprednisone
b. Levelshofhepidermalhgrowthhfactor
c. Levelshofhprostaglandins
d. Levelshofhphosphatidylglycerolhandhphosphatidylcholine
ANS:hD
Ofhclinicalhrelevancehduringhlatehgestation,hanalysishofhamniotichfluidhforhthehconcentrationhofhphos
phatidylglycerolhandhphosphatidylcholinehhashbeenhshownhtohbehahsensitivehindicatorhofhthehstatehof
hfetalhlunghmaturity.
REF:hp.h8
Chapterh2:hFetalhGashExchangehandhCirculationhTesthBank
1. Whichhofhthehfollowinghphaseshofhhumanhlunghdevelopmenthishcharacterizedhbyhthehf
ormationhofhahcapillaryhnetworkharoundhairwayhpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS:hD
Thehcanalicularhphasehfollowshthehpseudoglandularhphase,hlastinghfromhapproximatelyh17hweekshto
h26hweekshofhgestation.hThishphasehishsohnamedhbecausehofhthehappearancehofhvascularhchannels,
,orhcapillaries,hwhichhbeginhtohgrowhbyhforminghahcapillaryhnetworkharoundhthehairhpassages.hDuring
hthehpseudoglandularhstage,hwhichhbeginshathdayh52handhextendshtohweekh16hofhgestation,hthehairway
hsystemhsubdivideshextensivelyhandhthehconductinghairwayhsystemhdevelops,hendinghwithhthehtermi
nalhbronchioles.hThehsaccularhstagehofhdevelopment,hwhichhtakeshplacehfromhweeksh29htoh36hofhgest
ation,hishcharacterizedhbyhthehdevelopmenthofhsacshthathlaterhbecomehalveoli.
Duringhthehsaccularhphase,hahtremendoushincreasehinhthehpotentialhgas-
hexchanginghsurfacehareahoccurs.hThehdistinctionhbetweenhthehsaccularhstagehandhthehalveolarhstageh
isharbitrary.hThehalveolarhstagehstretcheshfromh39hweekshofhgestationhtohterm.hThishstagehishrepresen
tedhbyhthehestablishmenthofhalveoli.
REF:hpp.h3-5
2. Regardinghpostnatalhlunghgrowth,hbyhapproximatelyhwhathagehdohmosthofhthehalveolihthath
willhbehpresenthinhthehlungshforhlifehdevelop?
a. 6hmonths
b. 1h year
c. 1.5hyears
d. 2h years
ANS:hC
Mosthofhthehpostnatalhformationhofhalveolihinhthehinfanthoccurshoverhthehfirsth1.5hyearshofhlife.hAth2hye
arshofhage,hthehnumberhofhalveolihvarieshsubstantiallyhamonghindividuals.hAfterh2hyearshofhage,hmale
shhavehmorehalveolihthanhdohfemales.hAfterhalveolarhmultiplicationhends,hthehalveolihcontinuehtohincr
easehinhsizehuntilhthoracichgrowthhishcompleted.
REF:hp.h6
3. Thehrespiratoryhtherapisthishevaluatinghahnewbornhwithhmildhrespiratoryhdistresshduehtoht
rachealhstenosis.hDuringhwhichhperiodhofhlunghdevelopmenthdidhthishproblemhdevelop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
, d. Alveolar
ANS:hA
Thehinitialhstructureshofhthehpulmonaryhtreehdevelophduringhthehembryonalhstage.hErrorshinhdevelop
menthduringhthishtimehmayhresulthinhlaryngeal,htracheal,horhesophagealhatresiahorhstenosis.hPulmonar
yhhypoplasia,hanhincompletehdevelopmenthofhthehlungshcharacterizedhbyhanhabnormallyhlowhnumber
hand/orhsizehofhbronchopulmonaryhsegmentshand/orhalveoli,hcanhdevelophduringhthehpseudoglandula
rhphase.hIfhthehfetushishbornhduringhthehcanalicularhphaseh(i.e.,hprematurely),hseverehrespiratoryhdistre
sshcanhbehexpectedhbecausehthehinadequatelyhdevelopedhairways,halonghwithhinsufficienthandhimmat
urehsurfactanthproductionhbyhalveolarhtypehIIhcells,hgiveshrisehtohthehconstellationhofhproblemshknow
nhashinfanthrespiratoryhdistresshsyndrome.
REF:h p.h6
4. Whichhofhthehfollowinghmechanismshish(are)hresponsiblehforhthehpossiblehassociationh
betweenholigohydramnioshandhlunghhypoplasia?
I. Abnormalhcarbohydratehmetabolism
II. Mechanicalhrestrictionhofhthehchesthwall
III. InterferencehwithhfetalhbreathinghIV.h Failurehtohproducehfetalhlunghliquid
a. IhandhIIIhonly
b. IIhandhIIIhonly
c. I,hII,handhIVhonly
d. II,hIII,handhIVhonly
ANS:hD
Oligohydramnios,hahreducedhquantityhofhamniotichfluidhpresenthforhanhextendedhperiodhofhtime,hwit
hhorhwithouthrenalhanomalies,hishassociatedhwithhlunghhypoplasia.hThehmechanismshbyhwhichhamni
otichfluidhvolumehinfluenceshlunghgrowthhremainhunclear.hPossiblehexplanationshforhreducedhquanti
tyhofhamniotichfluidhincludehmechanicalhrestrictionhofhthehchesthwall,hinterferencehwithhfetal
h h h h h h h
E 5TH EDITION BY WALSH
h h h h
Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development Test Bank
h h h h h h
MULTIPLEhCHOICE
5. WhathishthehpurposehofhthehsubstancehsecretedhbyhthehtypehIIhpneumocyte?
a. Tohincreasehthehgashexchangehsurfaceharea
b. Tohreducehsurfacehtension
c. Tohmaintainhlunghelasticity
d. Tohpreservehthehvolumehofhthehamniotichfluid
ANS:hB
Thehprimaryhrolehofhmammalianhsurfactanthishtohlowerhthehsurfacehtensionhwithinhthehalveolus,hspeci
ficallyhaththehair–
liquidhinterface.hThishallowshthehdelicatehstructurehofhthehalveolushtohexpandhwhenhfilledhwithhair.hW
ithouthsurfactant,hthehalveolushremainshcollapsedhbecausehofhthe
highhsurfacehtensionhofhthehmoisthalveolarhsurface.hSurfactanthishcomposedhpredominantlyhofhanhintr
icatehblendhofhphospholipids,hneutralhlipids,handhproteins.
,REF:hp.h8
6. Whichhofhthehfollowinghtestshofhthehamniotichfluidhhavehbeenhshownhtohbehsensitivehi
ndicatorshofhlunghmaturity?
a. Levelshofhprednisone
b. Levelshofhepidermalhgrowthhfactor
c. Levelshofhprostaglandins
d. Levelshofhphosphatidylglycerolhandhphosphatidylcholine
ANS:hD
Ofhclinicalhrelevancehduringhlatehgestation,hanalysishofhamniotichfluidhforhthehconcentrationhofhphos
phatidylglycerolhandhphosphatidylcholinehhashbeenhshownhtohbehahsensitivehindicatorhofhthehstatehof
hfetalhlunghmaturity.
REF:hp.h8
Chapterh2:hFetalhGashExchangehandhCirculationhTesthBank
1. Whichhofhthehfollowinghphaseshofhhumanhlunghdevelopmenthishcharacterizedhbyhthehf
ormationhofhahcapillaryhnetworkharoundhairwayhpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS:hD
Thehcanalicularhphasehfollowshthehpseudoglandularhphase,hlastinghfromhapproximatelyh17hweekshto
h26hweekshofhgestation.hThishphasehishsohnamedhbecausehofhthehappearancehofhvascularhchannels,
,orhcapillaries,hwhichhbeginhtohgrowhbyhforminghahcapillaryhnetworkharoundhthehairhpassages.hDuring
hthehpseudoglandularhstage,hwhichhbeginshathdayh52handhextendshtohweekh16hofhgestation,hthehairway
hsystemhsubdivideshextensivelyhandhthehconductinghairwayhsystemhdevelops,hendinghwithhthehtermi
nalhbronchioles.hThehsaccularhstagehofhdevelopment,hwhichhtakeshplacehfromhweeksh29htoh36hofhgest
ation,hishcharacterizedhbyhthehdevelopmenthofhsacshthathlaterhbecomehalveoli.
Duringhthehsaccularhphase,hahtremendoushincreasehinhthehpotentialhgas-
hexchanginghsurfacehareahoccurs.hThehdistinctionhbetweenhthehsaccularhstagehandhthehalveolarhstageh
isharbitrary.hThehalveolarhstagehstretcheshfromh39hweekshofhgestationhtohterm.hThishstagehishrepresen
tedhbyhthehestablishmenthofhalveoli.
REF:hpp.h3-5
2. Regardinghpostnatalhlunghgrowth,hbyhapproximatelyhwhathagehdohmosthofhthehalveolihthath
willhbehpresenthinhthehlungshforhlifehdevelop?
a. 6hmonths
b. 1h year
c. 1.5hyears
d. 2h years
ANS:hC
Mosthofhthehpostnatalhformationhofhalveolihinhthehinfanthoccurshoverhthehfirsth1.5hyearshofhlife.hAth2hye
arshofhage,hthehnumberhofhalveolihvarieshsubstantiallyhamonghindividuals.hAfterh2hyearshofhage,hmale
shhavehmorehalveolihthanhdohfemales.hAfterhalveolarhmultiplicationhends,hthehalveolihcontinuehtohincr
easehinhsizehuntilhthoracichgrowthhishcompleted.
REF:hp.h6
3. Thehrespiratoryhtherapisthishevaluatinghahnewbornhwithhmildhrespiratoryhdistresshduehtoht
rachealhstenosis.hDuringhwhichhperiodhofhlunghdevelopmenthdidhthishproblemhdevelop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
, d. Alveolar
ANS:hA
Thehinitialhstructureshofhthehpulmonaryhtreehdevelophduringhthehembryonalhstage.hErrorshinhdevelop
menthduringhthishtimehmayhresulthinhlaryngeal,htracheal,horhesophagealhatresiahorhstenosis.hPulmonar
yhhypoplasia,hanhincompletehdevelopmenthofhthehlungshcharacterizedhbyhanhabnormallyhlowhnumber
hand/orhsizehofhbronchopulmonaryhsegmentshand/orhalveoli,hcanhdevelophduringhthehpseudoglandula
rhphase.hIfhthehfetushishbornhduringhthehcanalicularhphaseh(i.e.,hprematurely),hseverehrespiratoryhdistre
sshcanhbehexpectedhbecausehthehinadequatelyhdevelopedhairways,halonghwithhinsufficienthandhimmat
urehsurfactanthproductionhbyhalveolarhtypehIIhcells,hgiveshrisehtohthehconstellationhofhproblemshknow
nhashinfanthrespiratoryhdistresshsyndrome.
REF:h p.h6
4. Whichhofhthehfollowinghmechanismshish(are)hresponsiblehforhthehpossiblehassociationh
betweenholigohydramnioshandhlunghhypoplasia?
I. Abnormalhcarbohydratehmetabolism
II. Mechanicalhrestrictionhofhthehchesthwall
III. InterferencehwithhfetalhbreathinghIV.h Failurehtohproducehfetalhlunghliquid
a. IhandhIIIhonly
b. IIhandhIIIhonly
c. I,hII,handhIVhonly
d. II,hIII,handhIVhonly
ANS:hD
Oligohydramnios,hahreducedhquantityhofhamniotichfluidhpresenthforhanhextendedhperiodhofhtime,hwit
hhorhwithouthrenalhanomalies,hishassociatedhwithhlunghhypoplasia.hThehmechanismshbyhwhichhamni
otichfluidhvolumehinfluenceshlunghgrowthhremainhunclear.hPossiblehexplanationshforhreducedhquanti
tyhofhamniotichfluidhincludehmechanicalhrestrictionhofhthehchesthwall,hinterferencehwithhfetal
