Endocrinology NUR631 Exam 1 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATED | COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
WITH 100% RATED ANSWERS
Labs to be performed and how often - Fasting serum lipid profile (annually)
-- patients ages >40 years consider mod intensity statin and lifestyle modifications, all pt of all
ages with DM and ACSVD need high intensity statin and lifestyle changes
-- Atorvastatin high intensity is 40-80mg, Rosuvastatin 20-40mg and simvastatin 80mg (all high
intensity)
-- low intensity statin we want 30% reduction in LDL, mod intensity we want 30-50% reduction
in LDL
-- Pravastatin 40 mg and Lovastatin 20 mg would be moderate
- A1C (every 3 months if not at goal, otherwise twice annually) goal is <7% in most patients
- spot urinary albumin to Cr ration (at diagnosis, annually) at diagnosis in T2DM and monitor 3-5
years after diagnosis of T1DM
- Serum Cr and eGFR (at diagnosis and annually) as indicated depending on pt renal status
* for pt on metformin we want this done twice annually to monitor kidney function*
- TSH (at diagnosis and annually) T1DM dyslipidemia and or women over 50.
Medications for T2DM - first line is still Metformin (biguanide) it reduces hepatic glucose
production and it is in-expensive.
, -- contraindications include CHF, Hepatic failure, alcohol abuse, COPD and anyone who needs IV
contrast!
-- SE include flatulence and diarrhea (GI)
- Sulfonylureas (second gen) would be second drugs to add
--Glimepiride (amaryl), glipizide (glucotrol) glyburide
-- these are cheap, work by potentiating insulin secretion from pancreas, SE include weight gain
and hypoglycemia.
Metformin (Glucophage) Biguanide
eGFRmL/min
- 60; max dose is 2550 mg daily, renal function tests annually
- 45-59; 2,000mg daily max dose, renal tests done every 3-6 months
-30-44; 1000mg daily max dose, every 3 month renal tests (would not start on metformin if
these are eGFR levels since they can continue to drop
- <30 is no metformin!
basal insulin (long-acting) - initiating basal insulin would start at about 0.1-0.2 u/kg or 10
units
- adjust 2-4 units or 10-15% once-twice weekly to reach FBG goal
WITH 100% RATED ANSWERS
Labs to be performed and how often - Fasting serum lipid profile (annually)
-- patients ages >40 years consider mod intensity statin and lifestyle modifications, all pt of all
ages with DM and ACSVD need high intensity statin and lifestyle changes
-- Atorvastatin high intensity is 40-80mg, Rosuvastatin 20-40mg and simvastatin 80mg (all high
intensity)
-- low intensity statin we want 30% reduction in LDL, mod intensity we want 30-50% reduction
in LDL
-- Pravastatin 40 mg and Lovastatin 20 mg would be moderate
- A1C (every 3 months if not at goal, otherwise twice annually) goal is <7% in most patients
- spot urinary albumin to Cr ration (at diagnosis, annually) at diagnosis in T2DM and monitor 3-5
years after diagnosis of T1DM
- Serum Cr and eGFR (at diagnosis and annually) as indicated depending on pt renal status
* for pt on metformin we want this done twice annually to monitor kidney function*
- TSH (at diagnosis and annually) T1DM dyslipidemia and or women over 50.
Medications for T2DM - first line is still Metformin (biguanide) it reduces hepatic glucose
production and it is in-expensive.
, -- contraindications include CHF, Hepatic failure, alcohol abuse, COPD and anyone who needs IV
contrast!
-- SE include flatulence and diarrhea (GI)
- Sulfonylureas (second gen) would be second drugs to add
--Glimepiride (amaryl), glipizide (glucotrol) glyburide
-- these are cheap, work by potentiating insulin secretion from pancreas, SE include weight gain
and hypoglycemia.
Metformin (Glucophage) Biguanide
eGFRmL/min
- 60; max dose is 2550 mg daily, renal function tests annually
- 45-59; 2,000mg daily max dose, renal tests done every 3-6 months
-30-44; 1000mg daily max dose, every 3 month renal tests (would not start on metformin if
these are eGFR levels since they can continue to drop
- <30 is no metformin!
basal insulin (long-acting) - initiating basal insulin would start at about 0.1-0.2 u/kg or 10
units
- adjust 2-4 units or 10-15% once-twice weekly to reach FBG goal
