REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS FINAL EXAM GUIDE
2025
|MOST COMMON QUESTIONS WITH CORRECTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ALREADY A+
GRADED|GUARANTEED PASS
Structure of flowers -
Calyx - The outermost layer which comprises the sepals.
Usually green
Protect the flower in the bud
Corolla - Ring of petals
Attract insects
Male part of the flower - stamen - A filament supporting an anther which produces
pollen grains.
Filament - Contains vascular tissue, which transports sucrose, mineral ions and water to
the developing pollen grains
Anther - Contains four pollen sacs arranged in two pairs.
When mature, the pollen sacs dehisce = open and release the pollen
Carpel - Female parts of the flower.
Ovary
Style
Stigma
Carpel -
, Pollination definition - The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the mature stigma
of a plant of the same species
Protandry definition - The stamens of a flower ripen before the stigmas
Self pollination - The pollen from the anthers of a flower is transferred to the mature
stigma of the same flower/ a flower of the same plant
Genetic implications of self pollination - Depend only on independent assortment and
crossing over during meiosis and mutation to bring about genetic variation in genomes of the
gametes = display less genetic variation
Greater chance of 2 potentially harmful recessive alleles being brought together at fertilisation
Advantage of self pollination - It can preserve those successful genomes that are suited
to a relatively stable environment
Cross-pollination - Pollen is transferred from the anthers of one flower to the mature
stigma of a flower on another plant
Genetic implications of cross-pollination - Combines gametes from 2 individuals = more
genetic variation
Reduces the chance of producing harmful allele combinations
In the struggle for survival, some genomes are more successful than others. It may allow a
species to survive in a changing environment, as there are always likely to be some members of
a population with a suitable combination of alleles
How is cross-pollination ensured? - 1. Separate male + female flowers on the same plant
2. Separate male and female plants
3. Dichogamy - stamen + stigma ripen at different times
2025
|MOST COMMON QUESTIONS WITH CORRECTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ALREADY A+
GRADED|GUARANTEED PASS
Structure of flowers -
Calyx - The outermost layer which comprises the sepals.
Usually green
Protect the flower in the bud
Corolla - Ring of petals
Attract insects
Male part of the flower - stamen - A filament supporting an anther which produces
pollen grains.
Filament - Contains vascular tissue, which transports sucrose, mineral ions and water to
the developing pollen grains
Anther - Contains four pollen sacs arranged in two pairs.
When mature, the pollen sacs dehisce = open and release the pollen
Carpel - Female parts of the flower.
Ovary
Style
Stigma
Carpel -
, Pollination definition - The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the mature stigma
of a plant of the same species
Protandry definition - The stamens of a flower ripen before the stigmas
Self pollination - The pollen from the anthers of a flower is transferred to the mature
stigma of the same flower/ a flower of the same plant
Genetic implications of self pollination - Depend only on independent assortment and
crossing over during meiosis and mutation to bring about genetic variation in genomes of the
gametes = display less genetic variation
Greater chance of 2 potentially harmful recessive alleles being brought together at fertilisation
Advantage of self pollination - It can preserve those successful genomes that are suited
to a relatively stable environment
Cross-pollination - Pollen is transferred from the anthers of one flower to the mature
stigma of a flower on another plant
Genetic implications of cross-pollination - Combines gametes from 2 individuals = more
genetic variation
Reduces the chance of producing harmful allele combinations
In the struggle for survival, some genomes are more successful than others. It may allow a
species to survive in a changing environment, as there are always likely to be some members of
a population with a suitable combination of alleles
How is cross-pollination ensured? - 1. Separate male + female flowers on the same plant
2. Separate male and female plants
3. Dichogamy - stamen + stigma ripen at different times
