ACUTE HD THEORY FINAL EXAM PAPER 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔1. What is your main priority when returning a patient's blood with the hand crank
during a power outage? - ✔✔You must be vigilant in watching for air in the blood lines
✔✔Your patient dialyses for four hours with a blood pump speed of 400 ml/min. What is
his calculated Blood Volume Processed (BVP) at the end of the treatment? - ✔✔96,000
ml or 96 liters
✔✔What problem will cause an increase in the patient's venous pressure? - ✔✔A clot in
the drip chamber
✔✔What is the most frequent infectious complication in dialysis patients? - ✔✔Bacterial
vascular access infections
✔✔Which infectious disease requires frequent handwashing instead of using alcoho
based hand gels? - ✔✔Active Clostridioides difficile infection
✔✔Contact transmission is the most important route through which infections are
spread. Contact transmission is defined as - ✔✔Transmission of microorganisms
through healthcare workers hands
✔✔What precautions must be used when handling and packaging lab specimen? -
✔✔Universal precautions
✔✔Lavender tubes must be - ✔✔Inverted a minimum of 8-10 times to properly mix and
avoid clotting
✔✔If a tube breaks in the centrifuge you must - ✔✔Discard the sleeve and remove the
opposing sleeve
✔✔1. Fluid overload and hypertension lead to left ventricular hypertrophy. This means -
✔✔Hypotensive episodes are more likely to occur during the dialysis treatment
✔✔Your role in CKD-MBD management includes - ✔✔Reminding the patient who is
eating a snack during dialysis to take his phosphate binder
✔✔Your role in anemia management includes - ✔✔Rinsing back as much of the
patient's blood as you can at the termination of each treatment
✔✔The Guiding Communication style is best used - ✔✔To help patients find their own
solutions
, ✔✔When a healthcare practitioner automatically intervenes when observing patient
doing something detrimental to his health - ✔✔The healthcare practitioner gave in to the
righting reflex
✔✔Behavior change is best elicited through - ✔✔Understanding the patient's
motivations and providing support
✔✔The transport mechanism when particles move from an area of higher solute
concentration to an area of lower solute concentration is called - ✔✔Diffusion
✔✔During dialysis, the movement of bicarbonate from the dialysate into the blood -
✔✔Helps normalize body pH
✔✔The kidneys excretory functions include - ✔✔Normalizing electrolytes
✔✔** A patient's protein status is affected by nutritional and non-nutritional factors.
What can you do to prevent a drop in your patients' albumin? - ✔✔Prevent healthcare
associated infections (HAIS)
✔✔Foods high in phosphorus include (mark all that apply): - ✔✔a.) Chocolate b.) Dark
pop/soda c. Milk products d.) Legumes
✔✔1. Your patient complains of ringing in the ears, being nauseated and having cold
clammy skin. The most likely cause is - ✔✔©Hypotension
✔✔What is a likely cause for dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)? - ✔✔Hypotension,
heart disease, or rapid changes in serum potassium
✔✔In what position should you place a patient who experiences intradialytic
hypotension? - ✔✔Flat supine
✔✔Which is an underlying assumption of self-management? - ✔✔People who
understand and take control of their condition will be healthier and happier
✔✔To provide helpful information and training, care providers - ✔✔Must be aware of the
patient's health literacy
✔✔Which of the following may distract a visual learner's attention? - ✔✔Providing
background music
✔✔Single dose medications should be prepared and administered within - ✔✔4 hours
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔1. What is your main priority when returning a patient's blood with the hand crank
during a power outage? - ✔✔You must be vigilant in watching for air in the blood lines
✔✔Your patient dialyses for four hours with a blood pump speed of 400 ml/min. What is
his calculated Blood Volume Processed (BVP) at the end of the treatment? - ✔✔96,000
ml or 96 liters
✔✔What problem will cause an increase in the patient's venous pressure? - ✔✔A clot in
the drip chamber
✔✔What is the most frequent infectious complication in dialysis patients? - ✔✔Bacterial
vascular access infections
✔✔Which infectious disease requires frequent handwashing instead of using alcoho
based hand gels? - ✔✔Active Clostridioides difficile infection
✔✔Contact transmission is the most important route through which infections are
spread. Contact transmission is defined as - ✔✔Transmission of microorganisms
through healthcare workers hands
✔✔What precautions must be used when handling and packaging lab specimen? -
✔✔Universal precautions
✔✔Lavender tubes must be - ✔✔Inverted a minimum of 8-10 times to properly mix and
avoid clotting
✔✔If a tube breaks in the centrifuge you must - ✔✔Discard the sleeve and remove the
opposing sleeve
✔✔1. Fluid overload and hypertension lead to left ventricular hypertrophy. This means -
✔✔Hypotensive episodes are more likely to occur during the dialysis treatment
✔✔Your role in CKD-MBD management includes - ✔✔Reminding the patient who is
eating a snack during dialysis to take his phosphate binder
✔✔Your role in anemia management includes - ✔✔Rinsing back as much of the
patient's blood as you can at the termination of each treatment
✔✔The Guiding Communication style is best used - ✔✔To help patients find their own
solutions
, ✔✔When a healthcare practitioner automatically intervenes when observing patient
doing something detrimental to his health - ✔✔The healthcare practitioner gave in to the
righting reflex
✔✔Behavior change is best elicited through - ✔✔Understanding the patient's
motivations and providing support
✔✔The transport mechanism when particles move from an area of higher solute
concentration to an area of lower solute concentration is called - ✔✔Diffusion
✔✔During dialysis, the movement of bicarbonate from the dialysate into the blood -
✔✔Helps normalize body pH
✔✔The kidneys excretory functions include - ✔✔Normalizing electrolytes
✔✔** A patient's protein status is affected by nutritional and non-nutritional factors.
What can you do to prevent a drop in your patients' albumin? - ✔✔Prevent healthcare
associated infections (HAIS)
✔✔Foods high in phosphorus include (mark all that apply): - ✔✔a.) Chocolate b.) Dark
pop/soda c. Milk products d.) Legumes
✔✔1. Your patient complains of ringing in the ears, being nauseated and having cold
clammy skin. The most likely cause is - ✔✔©Hypotension
✔✔What is a likely cause for dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)? - ✔✔Hypotension,
heart disease, or rapid changes in serum potassium
✔✔In what position should you place a patient who experiences intradialytic
hypotension? - ✔✔Flat supine
✔✔Which is an underlying assumption of self-management? - ✔✔People who
understand and take control of their condition will be healthier and happier
✔✔To provide helpful information and training, care providers - ✔✔Must be aware of the
patient's health literacy
✔✔Which of the following may distract a visual learner's attention? - ✔✔Providing
background music
✔✔Single dose medications should be prepared and administered within - ✔✔4 hours
