PATHO HESI EXIT
PATHO HESI EXIT QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025
Which type of immune preparation, made from donated blood, contains antibodies that
provide passive immunity?
Toxoid
Killed vaccine
Live attenuated vaccine
Specific Immune Globulin -Correct Answer ✔Specific immune globulins contain a high
concentration of antibodies directed at specific antigens. Toxoid vaccines contain a
bacterial toxin that has been changed to a nontoxic form. Killed vaccines contain killed
microbes or isolated microbes. Live attenuated vaccines are composed of live microbes
that have been weakened or rendered completely avirulent.
Which preparations use toxoids but not live viruses? Select all that apply.
Rotarix
Varivax
M-M-R II
PEDIARIX
DAPTACEL -Correct Answer ✔PEDIARIX consists of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids plus
inactivated bacterial components of pertussis, inactive viral antigen of hepatitis B, and
inactivated poliovirus vaccine. DAPTACEL is a preparation consisting of toxoids plus
inactive bacterial and viral components of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular
pertussis vaccine. Rotarix, Varivax, and M-M-R II are preparations containing live viruses.
A 5-year-old child is being given dactinomycin and doxorubicin therapy after
nephrectomy for Wilms tumor. What will the nursing care include?
PATHO HESI EXIT
,PATHO HESI EXIT
Administering aspirin for pain
Offering citrus juices with meals
Ensuring meticulous oral hygiene
Eliminating spicy foods from the diet -Correct Answer ✔Oral hygiene is essential,
especially during the administration of medications that have a negative effect on the
oral mucosa. Although pain may be present, aspirin is avoided because doxorubicin is
also being used, and a side effect of this medication is thrombocytopenia. Aspirin is
contraindicated for children because it is associated with Reye syndrome. Citrus juice
will aggravate stomatitis, which is a common side effect of dactinomycin. Spicy foods
may aggravate the stomatitis that occurs with chemotherapy. However, usually any food
that the child requests is permitted.
A child with acute lymphoid leukemia is started on a chemotherapy protocol that
includes prednisone. What side effect of this medication does the nurse anticipate?
Alopecia
Anorexia
Weight loss
Mood changes -Correct Answer ✔Mood swings may result from steroid therapy.
Alopecia does not result from steroid therapy. An increased appetite, not anorexia,
results from steroid therapy. Weight gain, not weight loss, results from steroid therapy.
Which statement is true regarding antipsychotic drugs?
A. All first- and second-generation antipsychotics are equally effective.
B. Second-generation antipsychotics pose a risk of extrapyramidal symptoms.
C. First-generation antipsychotics pose a significant risk of metabolic side effects.
D. Clozapine is more effective than other second-generation antipsychotics. -Correct
Answer ✔D. Clozapine is more effective than other second-generation antipsychotics.
PATHO HESI EXIT
,PATHO HESI EXIT
Which statement about psychotherapeutic drugs in elderly clients requires correction?
Tricyclic antidepressants may increase anxiety in elderly clients.
Normal dosage of lithium may result in lithium toxicity in elderly clients.
Elderly clients on antipsychotic drugs are susceptible to orthostatic hypotension.
Low serum levels of the drug are reported in elderly clients on psychotherapeutic drugs.
-Correct Answer ✔Low serum levels of the drug are reported in elderly clients on
psychotherapeutic drugs.
What is the best drug of choice for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Imipramine
Lithium salts
Amitriptyline
Clomipramine -Correct Answer ✔Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant drug
prescribed for treating of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Childhood enuresis
necessitates the administration of imipramine. Lithium salt is prescribed to treat bipolar
disorders. Dysthymias can be treated by the administration of antidepressant drugs such
as amitriptyline.
A client with a history of methamphetamine use is admitted to the medical unit. What
clinical manifestation does the nurse expect when assessing the client?
a. Constricted pupils
b. Intractable diarrhea
c. Increased heart rate
d. Decreased respirations -Correct Answer ✔Methamphetamine is a stimulant that
causes the release of adrenaline, which activates the sympathetic nervous system. The
pupils will dilate, not constrict, because the sympathetic nervous system is activated.
Clients withdrawing from opioids, not methamphetamine, experience diarrhea. The
PATHO HESI EXIT
, PATHO HESI EXIT
respirations will be increased, not decreased, because of the activation of the
sympathetic nervous system.
Which monoamine oxidase inhibitor is used to treat Parkinson disease?
Correct1
Selegiline
2
Phenelzine
3
Isocarboxazid
4
Tranylcypromine -Correct Answer ✔Selegiline is a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor used
to treat Parkinson disease. Phenelzine, isocarboxazid, and tranylcypromine are
nonselective inhibitors of both type A and B used in the treatment of depression.
A client with depression is to be given fluoxetine. What precaution will the nurse
consider when initiating treatment with this drug?
1
It must be given with milk and crackers to prevent hyperacidity and discomfort.
2
Eating cheese or pickled herring or drinking wine may cause a hypertensive crisis.
3
The blood level may not be sufficient to cause noticeable improvement for 2 to 4 weeks.
4
The blood level should be checked weekly for 3 months to monitor for an appropriate
level. -Correct Answer ✔Fluoxetine does not produce an immediate effect; nursing
measures must be continued to reduce the risk for suicide. Consuming milk and crackers
to help prevent hyperacidity and discomfort is not necessary. Avoiding cheese, pickled
PATHO HESI EXIT
PATHO HESI EXIT QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025
Which type of immune preparation, made from donated blood, contains antibodies that
provide passive immunity?
Toxoid
Killed vaccine
Live attenuated vaccine
Specific Immune Globulin -Correct Answer ✔Specific immune globulins contain a high
concentration of antibodies directed at specific antigens. Toxoid vaccines contain a
bacterial toxin that has been changed to a nontoxic form. Killed vaccines contain killed
microbes or isolated microbes. Live attenuated vaccines are composed of live microbes
that have been weakened or rendered completely avirulent.
Which preparations use toxoids but not live viruses? Select all that apply.
Rotarix
Varivax
M-M-R II
PEDIARIX
DAPTACEL -Correct Answer ✔PEDIARIX consists of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids plus
inactivated bacterial components of pertussis, inactive viral antigen of hepatitis B, and
inactivated poliovirus vaccine. DAPTACEL is a preparation consisting of toxoids plus
inactive bacterial and viral components of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular
pertussis vaccine. Rotarix, Varivax, and M-M-R II are preparations containing live viruses.
A 5-year-old child is being given dactinomycin and doxorubicin therapy after
nephrectomy for Wilms tumor. What will the nursing care include?
PATHO HESI EXIT
,PATHO HESI EXIT
Administering aspirin for pain
Offering citrus juices with meals
Ensuring meticulous oral hygiene
Eliminating spicy foods from the diet -Correct Answer ✔Oral hygiene is essential,
especially during the administration of medications that have a negative effect on the
oral mucosa. Although pain may be present, aspirin is avoided because doxorubicin is
also being used, and a side effect of this medication is thrombocytopenia. Aspirin is
contraindicated for children because it is associated with Reye syndrome. Citrus juice
will aggravate stomatitis, which is a common side effect of dactinomycin. Spicy foods
may aggravate the stomatitis that occurs with chemotherapy. However, usually any food
that the child requests is permitted.
A child with acute lymphoid leukemia is started on a chemotherapy protocol that
includes prednisone. What side effect of this medication does the nurse anticipate?
Alopecia
Anorexia
Weight loss
Mood changes -Correct Answer ✔Mood swings may result from steroid therapy.
Alopecia does not result from steroid therapy. An increased appetite, not anorexia,
results from steroid therapy. Weight gain, not weight loss, results from steroid therapy.
Which statement is true regarding antipsychotic drugs?
A. All first- and second-generation antipsychotics are equally effective.
B. Second-generation antipsychotics pose a risk of extrapyramidal symptoms.
C. First-generation antipsychotics pose a significant risk of metabolic side effects.
D. Clozapine is more effective than other second-generation antipsychotics. -Correct
Answer ✔D. Clozapine is more effective than other second-generation antipsychotics.
PATHO HESI EXIT
,PATHO HESI EXIT
Which statement about psychotherapeutic drugs in elderly clients requires correction?
Tricyclic antidepressants may increase anxiety in elderly clients.
Normal dosage of lithium may result in lithium toxicity in elderly clients.
Elderly clients on antipsychotic drugs are susceptible to orthostatic hypotension.
Low serum levels of the drug are reported in elderly clients on psychotherapeutic drugs.
-Correct Answer ✔Low serum levels of the drug are reported in elderly clients on
psychotherapeutic drugs.
What is the best drug of choice for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Imipramine
Lithium salts
Amitriptyline
Clomipramine -Correct Answer ✔Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant drug
prescribed for treating of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Childhood enuresis
necessitates the administration of imipramine. Lithium salt is prescribed to treat bipolar
disorders. Dysthymias can be treated by the administration of antidepressant drugs such
as amitriptyline.
A client with a history of methamphetamine use is admitted to the medical unit. What
clinical manifestation does the nurse expect when assessing the client?
a. Constricted pupils
b. Intractable diarrhea
c. Increased heart rate
d. Decreased respirations -Correct Answer ✔Methamphetamine is a stimulant that
causes the release of adrenaline, which activates the sympathetic nervous system. The
pupils will dilate, not constrict, because the sympathetic nervous system is activated.
Clients withdrawing from opioids, not methamphetamine, experience diarrhea. The
PATHO HESI EXIT
, PATHO HESI EXIT
respirations will be increased, not decreased, because of the activation of the
sympathetic nervous system.
Which monoamine oxidase inhibitor is used to treat Parkinson disease?
Correct1
Selegiline
2
Phenelzine
3
Isocarboxazid
4
Tranylcypromine -Correct Answer ✔Selegiline is a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor used
to treat Parkinson disease. Phenelzine, isocarboxazid, and tranylcypromine are
nonselective inhibitors of both type A and B used in the treatment of depression.
A client with depression is to be given fluoxetine. What precaution will the nurse
consider when initiating treatment with this drug?
1
It must be given with milk and crackers to prevent hyperacidity and discomfort.
2
Eating cheese or pickled herring or drinking wine may cause a hypertensive crisis.
3
The blood level may not be sufficient to cause noticeable improvement for 2 to 4 weeks.
4
The blood level should be checked weekly for 3 months to monitor for an appropriate
level. -Correct Answer ✔Fluoxetine does not produce an immediate effect; nursing
measures must be continued to reduce the risk for suicide. Consuming milk and crackers
to help prevent hyperacidity and discomfort is not necessary. Avoiding cheese, pickled
PATHO HESI EXIT
