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PATH 1000 MIDTERM 1 Exam Questions
And Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Pathophysiology - Answer✔the study of changes in the body's physiology that result from
disorder or disease
Pathogenesis - Answer✔the development of a disease
Clinical Manifestations - Answer✔the presence or absence of disease often marked by signs
and symptoms
Diagnosis - Answer✔identifying the type of illness or problem by examination of the symptoms
Etiology - Answer✔the cause of a disease or condition
Idiopathic - Answer✔unknown cause of a disease
Iatrogenic - Answer✔disease caused by a treatment or procedure error
Epidemiology - Answer✔study of the distribution and determinants of health-related or events
in a population
Incidence - Answer✔rate of occurrence
1
, ©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 9:46 AM A+
Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time (1 in 3 may
catch a disease)
Prevalence - Answer✔the number of people in a population who have the disease or condition
over a specific time period
Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease
Endemic - Answer✔the expected or normal incidence to a population or geographical area
Ex: chicken pox
Epidemic - Answer✔dramatic increase in a condition to a large number of people at the same
time in a geographical area
Pandemic - Answer✔high numbers of a disease in various regions/across continents
Morbidity - Answer✔disease rates within a group
Mortality - Answer✔deaths that result from a particular disease in a population
Ex: death rate due to TB
Hypoxic Injury - Answer✔most common cause of cellular injury resulting in Ischemia (reduced
blood supply
2
, ©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 9:46 AM A+
Homeostasis - Answer✔the body's ability to regulate and maintain health and equilibrium in its
functions
How is homeostasis linked to pathophysiology? - Answer✔a small change to the internal body
throws homeostasis out of order, which will lead to illness and diseases
Prognosis - Answer✔probable outcome of a patient's conditon
Sign - Answer✔a clinical finding verified by the examiner
Primary Disease Prevention - Answer✔altering behaviours to prevent a disease from occurring
Ex: vaccination
Secondary Disease Prevention - Answer✔performing early detection to prevent a disease from
occurring
Ex: medical examinations
Complications - Answer✔the development of a disease in a person already coping with an
existing disorder
Ex: secondary bacterial infection
Sequelae - Answer✔unwanted outcomes of a primary condition
Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness
3
, ©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 9:46 AM A+
Eight Chief Cellular Function - Answer✔1. Movement - muscle to bone causes movement
2. Conductivity - electric response to stimuli
3. Metabolic Absorption - taking and using nutrients
4. Secretion - mucus
5. Excretion - getting rid of waste
6. Respiration - taking in O2 for nutrients
7. Reproduction - tissue growth
8. Communication
Four Ways Cells Adapt to Environment - Answer✔1. Atrophy - decrease in cellular size and
functional components (aging, early development)
2. Hypertrophy - increase in the size of a cell in response to a mechanical stimuli
3. Hyperplasia - the increase in the number of cells due to increased cellular division
- Compensatory Hyperplasia: an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate
- Hormonal Hyperplasia: enlargement of estrogen dependent organs (breasts/uterus)
4. Metaplasia - reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type
(ex: smoking causes changes to lung cells)
Dysplasia - Answer✔abnormal changes in the size, shape and organization of mature cells (not
considered a true adaptive process)
Is dysplasia the same thing as cancer? - Answer✔although dysplasia functions similar to cancer
and is often located next to cancerous growths, it doesn't indicate cancer and may never
progress to it
Five Progressive Changes of a Cell - Answer✔1. Atrophy
2. Hypertrophy
3. Hyperplasia
4
PATH 1000 MIDTERM 1 Exam Questions
And Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Pathophysiology - Answer✔the study of changes in the body's physiology that result from
disorder or disease
Pathogenesis - Answer✔the development of a disease
Clinical Manifestations - Answer✔the presence or absence of disease often marked by signs
and symptoms
Diagnosis - Answer✔identifying the type of illness or problem by examination of the symptoms
Etiology - Answer✔the cause of a disease or condition
Idiopathic - Answer✔unknown cause of a disease
Iatrogenic - Answer✔disease caused by a treatment or procedure error
Epidemiology - Answer✔study of the distribution and determinants of health-related or events
in a population
Incidence - Answer✔rate of occurrence
1
, ©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 9:46 AM A+
Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time (1 in 3 may
catch a disease)
Prevalence - Answer✔the number of people in a population who have the disease or condition
over a specific time period
Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease
Endemic - Answer✔the expected or normal incidence to a population or geographical area
Ex: chicken pox
Epidemic - Answer✔dramatic increase in a condition to a large number of people at the same
time in a geographical area
Pandemic - Answer✔high numbers of a disease in various regions/across continents
Morbidity - Answer✔disease rates within a group
Mortality - Answer✔deaths that result from a particular disease in a population
Ex: death rate due to TB
Hypoxic Injury - Answer✔most common cause of cellular injury resulting in Ischemia (reduced
blood supply
2
, ©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 9:46 AM A+
Homeostasis - Answer✔the body's ability to regulate and maintain health and equilibrium in its
functions
How is homeostasis linked to pathophysiology? - Answer✔a small change to the internal body
throws homeostasis out of order, which will lead to illness and diseases
Prognosis - Answer✔probable outcome of a patient's conditon
Sign - Answer✔a clinical finding verified by the examiner
Primary Disease Prevention - Answer✔altering behaviours to prevent a disease from occurring
Ex: vaccination
Secondary Disease Prevention - Answer✔performing early detection to prevent a disease from
occurring
Ex: medical examinations
Complications - Answer✔the development of a disease in a person already coping with an
existing disorder
Ex: secondary bacterial infection
Sequelae - Answer✔unwanted outcomes of a primary condition
Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness
3
, ©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 9:46 AM A+
Eight Chief Cellular Function - Answer✔1. Movement - muscle to bone causes movement
2. Conductivity - electric response to stimuli
3. Metabolic Absorption - taking and using nutrients
4. Secretion - mucus
5. Excretion - getting rid of waste
6. Respiration - taking in O2 for nutrients
7. Reproduction - tissue growth
8. Communication
Four Ways Cells Adapt to Environment - Answer✔1. Atrophy - decrease in cellular size and
functional components (aging, early development)
2. Hypertrophy - increase in the size of a cell in response to a mechanical stimuli
3. Hyperplasia - the increase in the number of cells due to increased cellular division
- Compensatory Hyperplasia: an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate
- Hormonal Hyperplasia: enlargement of estrogen dependent organs (breasts/uterus)
4. Metaplasia - reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type
(ex: smoking causes changes to lung cells)
Dysplasia - Answer✔abnormal changes in the size, shape and organization of mature cells (not
considered a true adaptive process)
Is dysplasia the same thing as cancer? - Answer✔although dysplasia functions similar to cancer
and is often located next to cancerous growths, it doesn't indicate cancer and may never
progress to it
Five Progressive Changes of a Cell - Answer✔1. Atrophy
2. Hypertrophy
3. Hyperplasia
4
