, TEST qBANK qMassage qTherapy q7/E qSusan qSalvo
Chapter q01: qHistory qof qMassage: qPrehistoric qTimes qto qthe qModern qEra qand qProfessional
qSocieties, qOrganizations, qand qAssociations.
MULTIPLE qCHOICE
1. Which qmethod qis qdefined qas qmanipulation qof qsoft qtissue qusing qpressure qand qtraction
qfor qclinical, qtherapeutic, qand qpalliative qpurposes?
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity qtherapy
d. Massage qtherapy
ANS: q D
Massage qtherapy qthe qmanipulation qof qsoft qtissue qusing qcompression qand
qdecompression/traction qfor qclinical, qtherapeutic, qand qpalliative qpurposes qor qfor qwellness
qand qself-care qpurposes.
2. Which qorigin qfor qthe qword qmassage qis qGreek?
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: q B
The qorigin qof qthe qword qmassage qis qunclear, qbut qcan qbe qtraced qto qnumerous qsources: qthe
qHebrew qmashesh, qthe qGreek qmasso qand qmassin, qthe qLatin qmassa, qthe qArabic qmass’h, qthe
qSanskrit qmakeh, qand qthe qFrench qmasser.
3. When qwas qthe qearliest qthe qterm qmassage qwas qused qby qmost qEuropean-based qcultures?
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: q C
By qthe qearly q1800s, qthe qterm qmassage qwas qused qby qmost qEuropean-based qcultures.
qHistorically, qmassage qwas qreferred qto qby qits qtechniques qsuch qas qfriction qor qrubbing.
4. The qfirst qwritten qrecords qof qmassage qdate qback qto q3000 qBCE qin qwhich qcountry?
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: q B
Written qrecords qregarding qthe qpractice qof qmassage qgo qback qto q3000 qBCE qin qChina.
qAcupuncture qwas qnot qmentioned qin qChinese qwritings quntil q90 qBCE.
5. Which qwork qis qcommonly qreferred qto qas qthe qclassic qscripture qof qtraditional qChinese qmedicine?
, a. Tao qTe qChing
b. Nei qChing
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus qHippocraticum
ANS: q B
At qthe qtime qof qHwang qTi, qvarious qideas qand qbeliefs qwere qcompiled qunder qthe qname qof qthe
qYellow qEmperor q(died qin q2599 qBCE) qwhich qbecame qthe qclassic qscripture qof qtraditional
qChinese qmedicine qknown qas qthe qNei qChang. qThe qNei qChang qwas qwritten qabout q2760
qBCE, qand qthis qwork qcontains qdetailed qdescriptions qof qmassage qprocedures qas qwell qas
qherbal qmedicines.
6. What qis qthe qoriginal qmassage qtechnique qin qChina qand qthe qprecursor qto qmanual qand
qenergetic qtherapies?
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: q D
Amma qis qregarded qas qthe qoriginal qmassage qtechnique qand qprecursor qto qall qother qChinese
qtherapies, qmanual qand qenergetic.
7. Which qhealing qmethod qis qbased qon qHindu qtradition?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: q A
Knowledge qof qamma qmassage qtraveled qto qthe qsubcontinent qof qIndia qfrom qChina, qand qmassage
qbecame qpart qof qHindu qtradition. qMassage qis qdescribed qin qIndia’s qfirst qgreat qmedical qtexts, qthe
qAyurveda qbooks qof qwisdom q(about q1800 qBCE) qand qrecommend qmassage qas qan qindispensable
qhealing qprocedure.
8. Which qmethod qis qJapanese qbut qbased qon qChinese qmedicine qconcepts, qand quses qpressure
qapplied qfrom qthe qpractitioner’s qthumbs, qelbows, qand qother qparts qof qthe qbody?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: q B
Shiatsu qis qa qJapanese qmethod qbased qon qthe qsame qtraditional qChinese qmedicine qconcepts qas
qacupuncture q—energy qflows qin qthe qbody qthrough qstreams qcalled qchannels qor qmeridians.
Acupuncturists quse qneedles qat qspecific qpoints qto qbalance qthe qflow qof qenergy; qshiatsu
qpractitioners quse qtheir qfingers, qthumbs, qforearms, qelbows, qand qeven qtheir qknees qand qfeet.
9. Who qis qgenerally qrecognized qas qthe qfather qof qmodern qWestern qmedicine?
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: q D
Hippocrates qwas qknown qto qbe qa qfine qphysician, qfounder qof qa qmedical qschool, qauthor qof
qnumerous qbooks, qand qadvocated qthe quse qof qmassage qor q“rubbing.” qThese qworks qare
qcollectively qknown qas qthe qCorpus qHippocraticum, qand qsummarized qmuch qof qwhat qwas
qknown qabout qdisease qand qmedicine qin qthe qancient qworld. qHippocrates qis qgenerally
qrecognized qas qthe qfather qof qmodern qWestern qmedicine, qand qhe qbelieved qthat qphysicians
qshould qavoid qcausing qharm qto qpatients.
10. Who qwrote qthe qCanon qof qMedicine, qthe qmost qfamous qbook qin qthe qhistory qof qmedicine qin
both qthe qEast qand qthe qWest?
q
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: q C
A qtext qentitled q q or qCanon qof qMedicine qwas qwritten qby qone qof qthe
qgreatest qPersian qphysicians qof qhis qera, qAvicenna q(980-1037). qHe qwas qalso qknown qas qIbn
qSina. qThe qCanon qof qMedicine qis qthe qmost qfamous qbook qin qthe qhistory qof qmedicine qin
qboth qthe qEast qand qthe qWest.
11. Which qindividual qdiscussed qthe qeffects qof qmassage qand qused qfriction qon qjoints qin qthe q1500s?
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: q A
Ambroise qParé q(1515-1590) qwas qa qfamous qFrench qsurgeon qwho qwas qamong qthe qearliest
qindividuals qin qthis qera qto qdiscuss qthe qeffects qof qmassage. qHe qused qfriction qto qtreat
qdislocated qjoints qand qother qorthopedic qconditions.
12. Who qwas qthe qfirst qknown qscientist qto qdemonstrate qthat qblood qcirculation qdue qto
muscular qcontraction qof qthe qheart?
q
a.Paré
b.Galen
c.Harvey
d.Mezger
ANS: q C
English qscientist qWilliam qHarvey q(1578–1657) qdiscovered qthe qcirculation qof qblood qin
q1628, qand qhis qwritings qdid qmuch qto qpromote qthe qacceptance qof qmassage qas qa qtreatment
qmeasure.
Harvey qobserved qthe qhearts qof qliving qanimals qand qdetermined qthat qactive qphase qof qthe qheart
qmuscular qcontraction q(systole) qpumped qblood qthrough qarteries qand qveins.
13. Who qdeveloped qthe qSwedish qMovement qCure, qwhich qincluded qthe quse qof qmassage?
a. Johann qMezger
b. Pehr qH. qLing
c. George qHenry qTaylor
, d. John qHarvey qKellogg
ANS: q B
Pehr qHenrik qLing q(1776 qto q1839) qdeveloped qhis qown qsystem qof qmassage qand qexercises qor
qgymnastics, qthe qlatter qof qwhich qconsisted qof qfour qtypes—educational, qmilitary, qmedical, qand
qesthetic. qThis qsystem qwas qcalled qthe qSwedish qRemedial qMassage qand qExercise, qthe qSwedish
qMovement qCure, qor qsimply qthe qLing qsystem.
14. Which qterm qdescribes qa qcomponent qof qthe qLing qSystem?
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai qmassage
d. Swedish qmassage
ANS: q D
The qterm qSwedish qmassage qwas qused qto qdescribe qthe qmassage qcomponent qof qLing’s
qsystem. qFor qthis qreason, qLing qis qregarded qas qthe qfather qof qSwedish qmassage.
15. Which qindividual qis qcredited qwith qhaving qintroduced qFrench qterms qstill qin quse qto
describe qmassage qtechniques?
q
a. Johann qMezger
b. William qHarvey
c. Pehr qH. qLing
d. Charles qTaylor
ANS: q A
French qwas qthe qinternational qlanguage qin qthe qnineteenth qcentury. qThe qDutch qphysician qJohann
qMezger q(1838 qto q909) qis qcredited qwith qhaving qintroduced qthe qFrench qterminology qstill qused qto
qdescribe qmassage qtechniques q(e.g., qeffleurage, qpétrissage, qtapotement) qwhich qis qstill qused qin
qmassage qlegislation, qmedical qinsurance qbilling qcodes, qand qmassage qcurricula.
16. Who qis qthe qfounder qof qmodern qnursing, qwhich qincluded qmassage qas qpart qof qcare?
a. Tiffany qField
b. Florence qNightingale
c. Charles qFayette qTaylor
d. John qHarvey qKellogg
ANS: q B
Florence qNightingale q(1829 qto q1910) qof qEngland, qfounder qof qmodern qnursing, qtook qcare qof
qwounded qsoldiers qduring qthe qCrimean qWar q(1853 qto q1856). qShe qdeveloped qa qstandard qof
qcare qfor qpatients, qand qmassage qwas qan qintegral qpart qof qcare. qWhen qnurse qtraining qwas
qdeveloped, qmassage qwas qincluded qin qthe qcurriculum qand qmassage qwas qprovided qto qpatients
qas qpart qof qtheir qcomfort qmeasures.
17. French qphysician qLucas-Championniere qused qmassage qand qexercise qto qtreat qsoldiers
qinjured qduring qwhich qevent?
a. World qWar qI
b. World qWar qII
c. Civil qWar
d. Viet qNam qWar
ANS: q A
, World qWar qI qprovided qcountless qopportunities qfor qthe quse qof qmassage qand qexercise qto
qrehabilitate qinjured qsoldiers. qFrench qphysician qJust qLucas-Championniere q(1843 qto
q1913) qadvocated qfor qthe quse qof qmassage qand qpassive qmovements qto qtreat qsoft qtissue
qinjuries qand qfractures.
18. In qwhat qyear qdid qGeorge qHenry qTaylor qand qCharles qFayette qTaylor qintroduce qthe
Swedish qMovement qsystem qin qthe qUnited qStates?
q
a.1796
b.1856
c.1911
d.1958
ANS: q B
Drs. qGeorge qHenry qTaylor q(1829 qto q1899) qand qCharles qFayette qTaylor q(1827 qto q1899)
qsailed qto qSweden qto qstudy qthe qLing qsystem qand qreturned qto qthe qUnited qStates qto qopen qthe
qRemedial qHygienic qInstitute qof qNew qYork qCity qin q1856. qThe qinstitute qwas qan qorthopedic
qclinic qspecializing qin qLing’s qsystem qof qmassage qand qexercise. q“Water qcures” qand qnutrition
qwere qincorporated qinto qtheir qtreatment qregimen.
19. Who qwrote qthe qfirst qAmerican qtextbook qon qthe qSwedish qMovement qSystem qin q1860?
a. Hartvig qNissen
b. Andrew qWeil
c. George qTaylor
d. Douglas qGraham
ANS: q C
George qTaylor qwrote qthe qfirst qAmerican qtextbook qon qthe qSwedish qMovement qSystem qtitled qAn
qExposition qof qthe qSwedish qMovement qCure q(1860).
20. Who qopened qthe qSwedish qHealth qInstitute qof qWashington, qDC, qconsidered qthe qfirst
qmassage qschool qin qthe qUnited qStates?
a. John qHarvey qKellogg
b. Douglas qGraham
c. Just qLucas-Championniere
d. Hartvig qNissen
ANS: q D
In q1883, qHartvig qNissen q(1857 qto q1924) qopened qthe qSwedish qHealth qInstitute qof
qWashington, qDC. qThis qis qconsidered qthe qfirst qmassage qschool qin qthe qUnited qStates.
21. Who qhelped qpopularize qmassage qtherapy qin qthe qUnited qStates qduring qthe qmodern qera qby
qwriting qnumerous qbooks qand qpublishing qarticles qin qhis qmagazine, qGood qHealth?
a. John qHarvey qKellogg
b. Douglas qGraham
c. Just qLucas-Championniere
d. Hartvig qNissen
ANS: q A
John qHarvey qKellogg q(1852 qto1943) qof qBattle qCreek, qMichigan, qpromoted qmassage qto qthe
qgeneral qpublic. qHe qwrote qnumerous qarticles qand qbooks qon qmassage qand qpublished qa
qmagazine qcalled qGood qHealth.
,22. Which qmassage qorganization qtook qthe qfirst qstep qtoward qprofessionalism qby qthe
establishing qa qmassage qcurriculum qand qaccreditation qof qmassage qschools?
q
a. American qAssociation qof qMasseurs qand qMasseuses
b. Chartered qSociety qof qPhysiotherapy
c. Esalen qMassage qand qBodywork qAssociation
d. Society qof qTrained qMasseuses
ANS: q D
In q1894 qthe qCommissioners qof qthe qBritish qMedical qJournal qpublished qa qreport qtitled q“The
qScandals qof qMassage” qto qexpose qthese qpractices. qThis qprompted qnine qBritish qnurses qand
qmidwives qto qform qa qcouncil qof qtrained qmasseuses. qThe qfollowing qyear q(1895), qthe qcouncil
qestablished qthe qSociety qof qTrained qMasseuses. qThe qfounders qof qthe qSociety qacted qto
qlegitimize qmassage, qwhich qhad qbecome qtarnished qby qits qassociation qwith qprostitution. qThe
qSociety qestablished qa qmassage qpractice qmodel, qwhich qregulated qmassage qthrough qa
qpublished qmassage qcurriculum qand qaccreditation qof qmassage qschools, qwhich qincluded
qregular qinspections qand quse qof qonly qqualified qmassage qinstructors. qMembers qof qthe qSociety
qwere qrequired qto qpass qexaminations qand qwere qsubject qto qroutine qsurveillance.
23. What qwas qthe qoriginal qname qof qthe qAmerican qMassage qTherapy qAssociation?
a. Society qof qTrained qMasseuses
b. Esalen qMassage qand qBodywork qAssociation
c. American qAssociation qof qMasseurs qand qMasseuses
d. Chartered qSociety qof qMassage qand qMedical qGymnastics
ANS: q C
In q1943, qpostgraduates qfrom qthe qCollege qof qSwedish qMassage qin qChicago qcreated qthe
qAmerican qAssociation qof qMasseurs qand qMasseuses, qrenamed qthe qAmerican qMassage
qand qTherapy qAssociation qin q1958, qthen qfinally qthe qAmerican qMassage qTherapy
qAssociation qin q1983.
24. When qdid qthe qAmerican qAssociation qof qMasseurs qand qMasseuses qbecome qthe
qAmerican qMassage qand qTherapy qAssociation qfounded?
a. 1943
b. 1958
c. 1965
d. 1987
ANS: q B
In q1943, qpostgraduates qfrom qthe qCollege qof qSwedish qMassage qin qChicago qcreated qthe
qAmerican qAssociation qof qMasseurs qand qMasseuses, qrenamed qthe qAmerican qMassage
qand qTherapy qAssociation qin q1958, qthen qfinally qthe qAmerican qMassage qTherapy
qAssociation qin q1983.
25. When qwas qthe qAssociated qBodywork qand qMassage qProfessionals qfounded?
a. 1926
b. 1943
c. 1965
d. 1987
ANS: q D
, Associated qBodywork qand qMassage qProfessionals qwas qfounded qin q1987.
26. Which qcenter qwas qa qthink qtank qfor qhuman qpotential qmovement qand qthe qfirst
exposure qto qmassage qfor qmany qpeople?
q
a. Remedial qHygienic qInstitute
b. Esalen qInstitute
c. Swedish qInstitute
d. Touch qResearch qInstitute
ANS: q B
In q1962, qMichael qMurphy qand qRichard qPierce qfounded qthe qEsalen qInstitute, qa qretreat qcenter
qand qthink qtank qfor qhuman qpotential qmovement. qFor qmany qpeople, qEsalen qwas qtheir qfirst
qexposure qto qmassage qand qwhere qmany qcame qto qlearn qmassage.
27. What qorganization qwas qestablished qto qadvance qmassage qby qsupporting qresearch?
a. Associated qBodywork qand qMassage qProfessionals
b. National qCertification qBoard qfor qTherapeutic qMassage qand qBodywork
c. Federation qof qState qMassage qTherapy qBoards
d. Massage qTherapy qFoundation
ANS: q D
In q1990, qthe qAmerican qMassage qTherapy qFoundation qwas qestablished qby qthe qAMTA qto
qadvance qthe qmassage qprofession qthrough qsupporting qscientific qresearch qand qevidence-
informed qpractice. qIn q2004, qthe qfoundation qbecame qan qindependent qorganization qand
qchanged qits qname qto qthe qMassage qTherapy qFoundation q(MTF).
28. What qorganization qoffered qa qnational qcertification qexam qin q1992 qthat qwas qlater qadopted
by qmost qstates qas qa qlicensure qrequirement?
q
a. Federation qof qState qMassage qTherapy qBoards
b. National qCertification qBoard qof qTherapeutic qMassage qand qBodywork
c. Associated qBodywork qand qMassage qProfessionals
d. American qMassage qTherapy qAssociation
ANS: q B
In q1992, qthe qNational qCertification qBoard qfor qTherapeutic qMassage qand qBodywork
q(NCBTMB) qwas qfounded qafter qsignificant qencouragement qfrom qthe qAMTA qand qother
qindustry qleaders. qThe qobjective qwas qto qcreate qa qnational qcertification qto qfacilitate qmassage
qlicensing qreciprocity qthroughout qthe qUnited qStates. qA qnational qcertification qexamination
qwas qlaunched, qand qmany qstates qadopted qit qas qpart qof qtheir qlicensing qrequirements.
29. What qtype qof qcredential qdid qthe qNational qCertification qBoard qof qTherapeutic qMassage
qand qBodywork qbegin qoffering qin q2013?
a. Master’s qcertification
b. Research qlicensure
c. Board qcertification
d. National qlicensure
ANS: q C
In q2013, qNCBTMB qbegan qproviding qboard qcertification, qwhich qis qcurrently qthe qhighest
qvoluntary qcredential qin qthe qmassage qprofession. qOffering qthe qexam qas qpart qof qstate
qlicensure qwas qretired qin q2014.
Chapter q01: qHistory qof qMassage: qPrehistoric qTimes qto qthe qModern qEra qand qProfessional
qSocieties, qOrganizations, qand qAssociations.
MULTIPLE qCHOICE
1. Which qmethod qis qdefined qas qmanipulation qof qsoft qtissue qusing qpressure qand qtraction
qfor qclinical, qtherapeutic, qand qpalliative qpurposes?
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity qtherapy
d. Massage qtherapy
ANS: q D
Massage qtherapy qthe qmanipulation qof qsoft qtissue qusing qcompression qand
qdecompression/traction qfor qclinical, qtherapeutic, qand qpalliative qpurposes qor qfor qwellness
qand qself-care qpurposes.
2. Which qorigin qfor qthe qword qmassage qis qGreek?
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: q B
The qorigin qof qthe qword qmassage qis qunclear, qbut qcan qbe qtraced qto qnumerous qsources: qthe
qHebrew qmashesh, qthe qGreek qmasso qand qmassin, qthe qLatin qmassa, qthe qArabic qmass’h, qthe
qSanskrit qmakeh, qand qthe qFrench qmasser.
3. When qwas qthe qearliest qthe qterm qmassage qwas qused qby qmost qEuropean-based qcultures?
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: q C
By qthe qearly q1800s, qthe qterm qmassage qwas qused qby qmost qEuropean-based qcultures.
qHistorically, qmassage qwas qreferred qto qby qits qtechniques qsuch qas qfriction qor qrubbing.
4. The qfirst qwritten qrecords qof qmassage qdate qback qto q3000 qBCE qin qwhich qcountry?
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: q B
Written qrecords qregarding qthe qpractice qof qmassage qgo qback qto q3000 qBCE qin qChina.
qAcupuncture qwas qnot qmentioned qin qChinese qwritings quntil q90 qBCE.
5. Which qwork qis qcommonly qreferred qto qas qthe qclassic qscripture qof qtraditional qChinese qmedicine?
, a. Tao qTe qChing
b. Nei qChing
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus qHippocraticum
ANS: q B
At qthe qtime qof qHwang qTi, qvarious qideas qand qbeliefs qwere qcompiled qunder qthe qname qof qthe
qYellow qEmperor q(died qin q2599 qBCE) qwhich qbecame qthe qclassic qscripture qof qtraditional
qChinese qmedicine qknown qas qthe qNei qChang. qThe qNei qChang qwas qwritten qabout q2760
qBCE, qand qthis qwork qcontains qdetailed qdescriptions qof qmassage qprocedures qas qwell qas
qherbal qmedicines.
6. What qis qthe qoriginal qmassage qtechnique qin qChina qand qthe qprecursor qto qmanual qand
qenergetic qtherapies?
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: q D
Amma qis qregarded qas qthe qoriginal qmassage qtechnique qand qprecursor qto qall qother qChinese
qtherapies, qmanual qand qenergetic.
7. Which qhealing qmethod qis qbased qon qHindu qtradition?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: q A
Knowledge qof qamma qmassage qtraveled qto qthe qsubcontinent qof qIndia qfrom qChina, qand qmassage
qbecame qpart qof qHindu qtradition. qMassage qis qdescribed qin qIndia’s qfirst qgreat qmedical qtexts, qthe
qAyurveda qbooks qof qwisdom q(about q1800 qBCE) qand qrecommend qmassage qas qan qindispensable
qhealing qprocedure.
8. Which qmethod qis qJapanese qbut qbased qon qChinese qmedicine qconcepts, qand quses qpressure
qapplied qfrom qthe qpractitioner’s qthumbs, qelbows, qand qother qparts qof qthe qbody?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: q B
Shiatsu qis qa qJapanese qmethod qbased qon qthe qsame qtraditional qChinese qmedicine qconcepts qas
qacupuncture q—energy qflows qin qthe qbody qthrough qstreams qcalled qchannels qor qmeridians.
Acupuncturists quse qneedles qat qspecific qpoints qto qbalance qthe qflow qof qenergy; qshiatsu
qpractitioners quse qtheir qfingers, qthumbs, qforearms, qelbows, qand qeven qtheir qknees qand qfeet.
9. Who qis qgenerally qrecognized qas qthe qfather qof qmodern qWestern qmedicine?
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: q D
Hippocrates qwas qknown qto qbe qa qfine qphysician, qfounder qof qa qmedical qschool, qauthor qof
qnumerous qbooks, qand qadvocated qthe quse qof qmassage qor q“rubbing.” qThese qworks qare
qcollectively qknown qas qthe qCorpus qHippocraticum, qand qsummarized qmuch qof qwhat qwas
qknown qabout qdisease qand qmedicine qin qthe qancient qworld. qHippocrates qis qgenerally
qrecognized qas qthe qfather qof qmodern qWestern qmedicine, qand qhe qbelieved qthat qphysicians
qshould qavoid qcausing qharm qto qpatients.
10. Who qwrote qthe qCanon qof qMedicine, qthe qmost qfamous qbook qin qthe qhistory qof qmedicine qin
both qthe qEast qand qthe qWest?
q
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: q C
A qtext qentitled q q or qCanon qof qMedicine qwas qwritten qby qone qof qthe
qgreatest qPersian qphysicians qof qhis qera, qAvicenna q(980-1037). qHe qwas qalso qknown qas qIbn
qSina. qThe qCanon qof qMedicine qis qthe qmost qfamous qbook qin qthe qhistory qof qmedicine qin
qboth qthe qEast qand qthe qWest.
11. Which qindividual qdiscussed qthe qeffects qof qmassage qand qused qfriction qon qjoints qin qthe q1500s?
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: q A
Ambroise qParé q(1515-1590) qwas qa qfamous qFrench qsurgeon qwho qwas qamong qthe qearliest
qindividuals qin qthis qera qto qdiscuss qthe qeffects qof qmassage. qHe qused qfriction qto qtreat
qdislocated qjoints qand qother qorthopedic qconditions.
12. Who qwas qthe qfirst qknown qscientist qto qdemonstrate qthat qblood qcirculation qdue qto
muscular qcontraction qof qthe qheart?
q
a.Paré
b.Galen
c.Harvey
d.Mezger
ANS: q C
English qscientist qWilliam qHarvey q(1578–1657) qdiscovered qthe qcirculation qof qblood qin
q1628, qand qhis qwritings qdid qmuch qto qpromote qthe qacceptance qof qmassage qas qa qtreatment
qmeasure.
Harvey qobserved qthe qhearts qof qliving qanimals qand qdetermined qthat qactive qphase qof qthe qheart
qmuscular qcontraction q(systole) qpumped qblood qthrough qarteries qand qveins.
13. Who qdeveloped qthe qSwedish qMovement qCure, qwhich qincluded qthe quse qof qmassage?
a. Johann qMezger
b. Pehr qH. qLing
c. George qHenry qTaylor
, d. John qHarvey qKellogg
ANS: q B
Pehr qHenrik qLing q(1776 qto q1839) qdeveloped qhis qown qsystem qof qmassage qand qexercises qor
qgymnastics, qthe qlatter qof qwhich qconsisted qof qfour qtypes—educational, qmilitary, qmedical, qand
qesthetic. qThis qsystem qwas qcalled qthe qSwedish qRemedial qMassage qand qExercise, qthe qSwedish
qMovement qCure, qor qsimply qthe qLing qsystem.
14. Which qterm qdescribes qa qcomponent qof qthe qLing qSystem?
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai qmassage
d. Swedish qmassage
ANS: q D
The qterm qSwedish qmassage qwas qused qto qdescribe qthe qmassage qcomponent qof qLing’s
qsystem. qFor qthis qreason, qLing qis qregarded qas qthe qfather qof qSwedish qmassage.
15. Which qindividual qis qcredited qwith qhaving qintroduced qFrench qterms qstill qin quse qto
describe qmassage qtechniques?
q
a. Johann qMezger
b. William qHarvey
c. Pehr qH. qLing
d. Charles qTaylor
ANS: q A
French qwas qthe qinternational qlanguage qin qthe qnineteenth qcentury. qThe qDutch qphysician qJohann
qMezger q(1838 qto q909) qis qcredited qwith qhaving qintroduced qthe qFrench qterminology qstill qused qto
qdescribe qmassage qtechniques q(e.g., qeffleurage, qpétrissage, qtapotement) qwhich qis qstill qused qin
qmassage qlegislation, qmedical qinsurance qbilling qcodes, qand qmassage qcurricula.
16. Who qis qthe qfounder qof qmodern qnursing, qwhich qincluded qmassage qas qpart qof qcare?
a. Tiffany qField
b. Florence qNightingale
c. Charles qFayette qTaylor
d. John qHarvey qKellogg
ANS: q B
Florence qNightingale q(1829 qto q1910) qof qEngland, qfounder qof qmodern qnursing, qtook qcare qof
qwounded qsoldiers qduring qthe qCrimean qWar q(1853 qto q1856). qShe qdeveloped qa qstandard qof
qcare qfor qpatients, qand qmassage qwas qan qintegral qpart qof qcare. qWhen qnurse qtraining qwas
qdeveloped, qmassage qwas qincluded qin qthe qcurriculum qand qmassage qwas qprovided qto qpatients
qas qpart qof qtheir qcomfort qmeasures.
17. French qphysician qLucas-Championniere qused qmassage qand qexercise qto qtreat qsoldiers
qinjured qduring qwhich qevent?
a. World qWar qI
b. World qWar qII
c. Civil qWar
d. Viet qNam qWar
ANS: q A
, World qWar qI qprovided qcountless qopportunities qfor qthe quse qof qmassage qand qexercise qto
qrehabilitate qinjured qsoldiers. qFrench qphysician qJust qLucas-Championniere q(1843 qto
q1913) qadvocated qfor qthe quse qof qmassage qand qpassive qmovements qto qtreat qsoft qtissue
qinjuries qand qfractures.
18. In qwhat qyear qdid qGeorge qHenry qTaylor qand qCharles qFayette qTaylor qintroduce qthe
Swedish qMovement qsystem qin qthe qUnited qStates?
q
a.1796
b.1856
c.1911
d.1958
ANS: q B
Drs. qGeorge qHenry qTaylor q(1829 qto q1899) qand qCharles qFayette qTaylor q(1827 qto q1899)
qsailed qto qSweden qto qstudy qthe qLing qsystem qand qreturned qto qthe qUnited qStates qto qopen qthe
qRemedial qHygienic qInstitute qof qNew qYork qCity qin q1856. qThe qinstitute qwas qan qorthopedic
qclinic qspecializing qin qLing’s qsystem qof qmassage qand qexercise. q“Water qcures” qand qnutrition
qwere qincorporated qinto qtheir qtreatment qregimen.
19. Who qwrote qthe qfirst qAmerican qtextbook qon qthe qSwedish qMovement qSystem qin q1860?
a. Hartvig qNissen
b. Andrew qWeil
c. George qTaylor
d. Douglas qGraham
ANS: q C
George qTaylor qwrote qthe qfirst qAmerican qtextbook qon qthe qSwedish qMovement qSystem qtitled qAn
qExposition qof qthe qSwedish qMovement qCure q(1860).
20. Who qopened qthe qSwedish qHealth qInstitute qof qWashington, qDC, qconsidered qthe qfirst
qmassage qschool qin qthe qUnited qStates?
a. John qHarvey qKellogg
b. Douglas qGraham
c. Just qLucas-Championniere
d. Hartvig qNissen
ANS: q D
In q1883, qHartvig qNissen q(1857 qto q1924) qopened qthe qSwedish qHealth qInstitute qof
qWashington, qDC. qThis qis qconsidered qthe qfirst qmassage qschool qin qthe qUnited qStates.
21. Who qhelped qpopularize qmassage qtherapy qin qthe qUnited qStates qduring qthe qmodern qera qby
qwriting qnumerous qbooks qand qpublishing qarticles qin qhis qmagazine, qGood qHealth?
a. John qHarvey qKellogg
b. Douglas qGraham
c. Just qLucas-Championniere
d. Hartvig qNissen
ANS: q A
John qHarvey qKellogg q(1852 qto1943) qof qBattle qCreek, qMichigan, qpromoted qmassage qto qthe
qgeneral qpublic. qHe qwrote qnumerous qarticles qand qbooks qon qmassage qand qpublished qa
qmagazine qcalled qGood qHealth.
,22. Which qmassage qorganization qtook qthe qfirst qstep qtoward qprofessionalism qby qthe
establishing qa qmassage qcurriculum qand qaccreditation qof qmassage qschools?
q
a. American qAssociation qof qMasseurs qand qMasseuses
b. Chartered qSociety qof qPhysiotherapy
c. Esalen qMassage qand qBodywork qAssociation
d. Society qof qTrained qMasseuses
ANS: q D
In q1894 qthe qCommissioners qof qthe qBritish qMedical qJournal qpublished qa qreport qtitled q“The
qScandals qof qMassage” qto qexpose qthese qpractices. qThis qprompted qnine qBritish qnurses qand
qmidwives qto qform qa qcouncil qof qtrained qmasseuses. qThe qfollowing qyear q(1895), qthe qcouncil
qestablished qthe qSociety qof qTrained qMasseuses. qThe qfounders qof qthe qSociety qacted qto
qlegitimize qmassage, qwhich qhad qbecome qtarnished qby qits qassociation qwith qprostitution. qThe
qSociety qestablished qa qmassage qpractice qmodel, qwhich qregulated qmassage qthrough qa
qpublished qmassage qcurriculum qand qaccreditation qof qmassage qschools, qwhich qincluded
qregular qinspections qand quse qof qonly qqualified qmassage qinstructors. qMembers qof qthe qSociety
qwere qrequired qto qpass qexaminations qand qwere qsubject qto qroutine qsurveillance.
23. What qwas qthe qoriginal qname qof qthe qAmerican qMassage qTherapy qAssociation?
a. Society qof qTrained qMasseuses
b. Esalen qMassage qand qBodywork qAssociation
c. American qAssociation qof qMasseurs qand qMasseuses
d. Chartered qSociety qof qMassage qand qMedical qGymnastics
ANS: q C
In q1943, qpostgraduates qfrom qthe qCollege qof qSwedish qMassage qin qChicago qcreated qthe
qAmerican qAssociation qof qMasseurs qand qMasseuses, qrenamed qthe qAmerican qMassage
qand qTherapy qAssociation qin q1958, qthen qfinally qthe qAmerican qMassage qTherapy
qAssociation qin q1983.
24. When qdid qthe qAmerican qAssociation qof qMasseurs qand qMasseuses qbecome qthe
qAmerican qMassage qand qTherapy qAssociation qfounded?
a. 1943
b. 1958
c. 1965
d. 1987
ANS: q B
In q1943, qpostgraduates qfrom qthe qCollege qof qSwedish qMassage qin qChicago qcreated qthe
qAmerican qAssociation qof qMasseurs qand qMasseuses, qrenamed qthe qAmerican qMassage
qand qTherapy qAssociation qin q1958, qthen qfinally qthe qAmerican qMassage qTherapy
qAssociation qin q1983.
25. When qwas qthe qAssociated qBodywork qand qMassage qProfessionals qfounded?
a. 1926
b. 1943
c. 1965
d. 1987
ANS: q D
, Associated qBodywork qand qMassage qProfessionals qwas qfounded qin q1987.
26. Which qcenter qwas qa qthink qtank qfor qhuman qpotential qmovement qand qthe qfirst
exposure qto qmassage qfor qmany qpeople?
q
a. Remedial qHygienic qInstitute
b. Esalen qInstitute
c. Swedish qInstitute
d. Touch qResearch qInstitute
ANS: q B
In q1962, qMichael qMurphy qand qRichard qPierce qfounded qthe qEsalen qInstitute, qa qretreat qcenter
qand qthink qtank qfor qhuman qpotential qmovement. qFor qmany qpeople, qEsalen qwas qtheir qfirst
qexposure qto qmassage qand qwhere qmany qcame qto qlearn qmassage.
27. What qorganization qwas qestablished qto qadvance qmassage qby qsupporting qresearch?
a. Associated qBodywork qand qMassage qProfessionals
b. National qCertification qBoard qfor qTherapeutic qMassage qand qBodywork
c. Federation qof qState qMassage qTherapy qBoards
d. Massage qTherapy qFoundation
ANS: q D
In q1990, qthe qAmerican qMassage qTherapy qFoundation qwas qestablished qby qthe qAMTA qto
qadvance qthe qmassage qprofession qthrough qsupporting qscientific qresearch qand qevidence-
informed qpractice. qIn q2004, qthe qfoundation qbecame qan qindependent qorganization qand
qchanged qits qname qto qthe qMassage qTherapy qFoundation q(MTF).
28. What qorganization qoffered qa qnational qcertification qexam qin q1992 qthat qwas qlater qadopted
by qmost qstates qas qa qlicensure qrequirement?
q
a. Federation qof qState qMassage qTherapy qBoards
b. National qCertification qBoard qof qTherapeutic qMassage qand qBodywork
c. Associated qBodywork qand qMassage qProfessionals
d. American qMassage qTherapy qAssociation
ANS: q B
In q1992, qthe qNational qCertification qBoard qfor qTherapeutic qMassage qand qBodywork
q(NCBTMB) qwas qfounded qafter qsignificant qencouragement qfrom qthe qAMTA qand qother
qindustry qleaders. qThe qobjective qwas qto qcreate qa qnational qcertification qto qfacilitate qmassage
qlicensing qreciprocity qthroughout qthe qUnited qStates. qA qnational qcertification qexamination
qwas qlaunched, qand qmany qstates qadopted qit qas qpart qof qtheir qlicensing qrequirements.
29. What qtype qof qcredential qdid qthe qNational qCertification qBoard qof qTherapeutic qMassage
qand qBodywork qbegin qoffering qin q2013?
a. Master’s qcertification
b. Research qlicensure
c. Board qcertification
d. National qlicensure
ANS: q C
In q2013, qNCBTMB qbegan qproviding qboard qcertification, qwhich qis qcurrently qthe qhighest
qvoluntary qcredential qin qthe qmassage qprofession. qOffering qthe qexam qas qpart qof qstate
qlicensure qwas qretired qin q2014.
