Lecture #4 Biological Macromolecules
● Macromolecules I
○ Classes:
Classes Monomers Use/Example
Carbohydrates Simple Sugars -saccharides Energy storage & cell
surface molecules
Proteins Amino acids Enzymes, structural
proteins
Lipids Fatty acids/glycerol Phospholipids for
membranes
Nucleic Acids Nucleotides DNA & RNA for
storing/transmitting
genetic instructions
● Synthesis thereof:
○ Dehydration Reaction
■ Builds a larger polymer, produces a water molecule
● Covalent bond formed from removing water
○ Hydrolysis
■ Requires a molecule of water to break a bond
● Breaks covalent bond from dehydration rxn
● Carbohydrates:
○ Simple
■ Monosaccharides:
● Glucose
● Fructose
● Galactose
■ Disaccharides
● Maltose
● Lactose
● Sucrose
○ Complex
■ Starch
■ Fibers
■ Glycogen
○ Monosaccharides (CH2O) can be characterized by:
■ Amount of carbons
■ Placement of carbonyl (C=O) group (middle or end?)
● Macromolecules I
○ Classes:
Classes Monomers Use/Example
Carbohydrates Simple Sugars -saccharides Energy storage & cell
surface molecules
Proteins Amino acids Enzymes, structural
proteins
Lipids Fatty acids/glycerol Phospholipids for
membranes
Nucleic Acids Nucleotides DNA & RNA for
storing/transmitting
genetic instructions
● Synthesis thereof:
○ Dehydration Reaction
■ Builds a larger polymer, produces a water molecule
● Covalent bond formed from removing water
○ Hydrolysis
■ Requires a molecule of water to break a bond
● Breaks covalent bond from dehydration rxn
● Carbohydrates:
○ Simple
■ Monosaccharides:
● Glucose
● Fructose
● Galactose
■ Disaccharides
● Maltose
● Lactose
● Sucrose
○ Complex
■ Starch
■ Fibers
■ Glycogen
○ Monosaccharides (CH2O) can be characterized by:
■ Amount of carbons
■ Placement of carbonyl (C=O) group (middle or end?)
