Water: solvent of life
Solution: Homogenous mixture of substance in liquid form
Solvent: dissolving agent of solution
Solute: substance that’s dissolved
Aqueous solution: water is the solvent
Water is a versatile solvent due to it's polarity
Iconic compound dissolved in water each ion surrounded by sphere of water molecules aka
hydration shell
Water can dissolve compounds made of nonionic polar molecules
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances
Hydrophilic substance
o Has afÏnity of water
Hydrophobic
o Does not have afÏnity for water
Oil molecules = hydrophobic
o Have relatively nonpolar bonds
Solute concentration in aqueous solutions
Mole = 6 x 10^23
Molar concentration (M) = number of moles per liter
Acidic & basic conditions affet living organisms
Hydrogen atom in hydrogen bond between 2 water molecules can shift from one to
another
o Hydrogen atom leaves it's electron behind and transferred as a proton –
hydrogen ion (H+)
o Molecule that lost the proton – hydroxide ion (OH-)
o Molecule with extra proton – hydronium ion (H3O+) aka H+
Concentrations of H+ and OH- are equal in pure water
Adding certain solutes (acids and base) modifies concentration of H+ and OH-
Use pH scale to determine whether solution is acidic or basic
Solution: Homogenous mixture of substance in liquid form
Solvent: dissolving agent of solution
Solute: substance that’s dissolved
Aqueous solution: water is the solvent
Water is a versatile solvent due to it's polarity
Iconic compound dissolved in water each ion surrounded by sphere of water molecules aka
hydration shell
Water can dissolve compounds made of nonionic polar molecules
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances
Hydrophilic substance
o Has afÏnity of water
Hydrophobic
o Does not have afÏnity for water
Oil molecules = hydrophobic
o Have relatively nonpolar bonds
Solute concentration in aqueous solutions
Mole = 6 x 10^23
Molar concentration (M) = number of moles per liter
Acidic & basic conditions affet living organisms
Hydrogen atom in hydrogen bond between 2 water molecules can shift from one to
another
o Hydrogen atom leaves it's electron behind and transferred as a proton –
hydrogen ion (H+)
o Molecule that lost the proton – hydroxide ion (OH-)
o Molecule with extra proton – hydronium ion (H3O+) aka H+
Concentrations of H+ and OH- are equal in pure water
Adding certain solutes (acids and base) modifies concentration of H+ and OH-
Use pH scale to determine whether solution is acidic or basic
