APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
APHY 102 Midterm Exam LATEST Ivy Tech
Community College COMPLETE FULL LENGH
EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A
How does the Rh factor affect a developing fetus and its mother?
Rh positive - presence of antigen D or other Rh antigens on the RBC
membranes.
Rh negative - lack of these antigens
If a mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh positive, her antibodies form
to fight Rh-positive blood cells. If a mother is Rh positive and her baby is
Rh positive, her antibodies attack the baby's RBC. Complications can lead
the baby to develop erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease.
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
Distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electorlytes, heat,
immune cells, and antibodies, fluid, electrolyte, and acid- base balance
Where is the heart found?
The heart lies in the thoracic cavity. It is posterior to the sternum, medial
to the lungs, anterior to the vertebral column, and lies just above the
diaphragm and beneath the 2nd rib with the apex of the heart at the 5th
intercostal space.
,APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
Describe the layers of the heart wall
Epicardium- outer layer; protects the heart by reducing friction. A serious
membrane that consists of connective tissue covered by epithelium, and it
includes capillaries and nerve fibers.
Myocardium- middle layer; thick and consists largely of the cardiac
muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers.
Endocardium- inner layer; epithelium and underlying connective tissue.
Forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and valves.
Describe the pathway of blood into, through, and out of the heart
Superior/inferior venae cavae
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Lungs
Blood is oxygenated and returned to heart
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Mitral(bicuspid) valve
,APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Body cells
Describe the pathway of the cardiac conduction system
SA node - AV node - Bundle of His - Left and right bundle branches -
purkinje fibers
Describe an EKG
A recordable tracing of the electrical activity of the heart that the
production and conduction of action potentials in the heart produces.
What is occurring within the heart during each part of the EKG?
At the P wave of the EKG, the atria are depolarizing.
At the QRS complex, the ventricles are depolarizing and the atria are
repolarizing.
At the T wave, the ventricles are repolarizing and there is a brief
refractory period between the T wave and the following P wave, which
allows the heart a small rest.
, APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
Describe what is happening in the heart during atrial systole/ventricular
diastole and atrial diastole/ventricular systole
Atrial systole/ventricular diastole - atria are contracting and ventricles
are relaxed
Atrial diastole/ventricular systole - atria are relaxed and ventricles are
contracting
Where is the pituitary gland located?
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the brain
Where are the adrenal glands located?
on top of each kidney
Where is the pancreas located?
posterior to the stomach
What are the two steroid hormones?
Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
APHY 102 Midterm Exam LATEST Ivy Tech
Community College COMPLETE FULL LENGH
EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A
How does the Rh factor affect a developing fetus and its mother?
Rh positive - presence of antigen D or other Rh antigens on the RBC
membranes.
Rh negative - lack of these antigens
If a mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh positive, her antibodies form
to fight Rh-positive blood cells. If a mother is Rh positive and her baby is
Rh positive, her antibodies attack the baby's RBC. Complications can lead
the baby to develop erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease.
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
Distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electorlytes, heat,
immune cells, and antibodies, fluid, electrolyte, and acid- base balance
Where is the heart found?
The heart lies in the thoracic cavity. It is posterior to the sternum, medial
to the lungs, anterior to the vertebral column, and lies just above the
diaphragm and beneath the 2nd rib with the apex of the heart at the 5th
intercostal space.
,APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
Describe the layers of the heart wall
Epicardium- outer layer; protects the heart by reducing friction. A serious
membrane that consists of connective tissue covered by epithelium, and it
includes capillaries and nerve fibers.
Myocardium- middle layer; thick and consists largely of the cardiac
muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers.
Endocardium- inner layer; epithelium and underlying connective tissue.
Forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and valves.
Describe the pathway of blood into, through, and out of the heart
Superior/inferior venae cavae
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Lungs
Blood is oxygenated and returned to heart
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Mitral(bicuspid) valve
,APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Body cells
Describe the pathway of the cardiac conduction system
SA node - AV node - Bundle of His - Left and right bundle branches -
purkinje fibers
Describe an EKG
A recordable tracing of the electrical activity of the heart that the
production and conduction of action potentials in the heart produces.
What is occurring within the heart during each part of the EKG?
At the P wave of the EKG, the atria are depolarizing.
At the QRS complex, the ventricles are depolarizing and the atria are
repolarizing.
At the T wave, the ventricles are repolarizing and there is a brief
refractory period between the T wave and the following P wave, which
allows the heart a small rest.
, APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
Describe what is happening in the heart during atrial systole/ventricular
diastole and atrial diastole/ventricular systole
Atrial systole/ventricular diastole - atria are contracting and ventricles
are relaxed
Atrial diastole/ventricular systole - atria are relaxed and ventricles are
contracting
Where is the pituitary gland located?
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the brain
Where are the adrenal glands located?
on top of each kidney
Where is the pancreas located?
posterior to the stomach
What are the two steroid hormones?
Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
