Compilation of
Daily Class Notes
Science and Technology
, List of Lectures
1. Orientation and Beginning of Science
2. Cell: The Functional Unit of Life
3. Cell: Functional Unit of Life (Part 2)
4. Genetic Material and Immune System
5. Immune System and Microorganism
6. Immune System and Microorganism (Part 02)
7. Nuclease
8. Gene Therapy
9. Stem Cells and Stem Cell Therapy
10 &11. Assisted Reproductive Technology & Cloning
12. Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy
13. Cloning
14. Surrogacy
15. Surrogacy (Part 02)
16. Nanotechnology
17. Carbon Nano Materials
18 & 19. Biomolecules (Part 01)
20. Biomolecules (Part 02)
21. Biomolecules (Part 03)
22. Basics of Physics (Part 01)
23. Basics of Physics (Part 02)
24. Mains Question Practice (Part 2)
25. Basics of Physics (Part 3)
, Science and Technology
Lecture 01: Orientation and Beginning of Science
Discussion of Syllabus
Prelims Paper I
● General Science
Mains Syllabus
● Developments and their application and effects in everyday life
● Achievements of Indians in Science and Technology
● Indigenization of technology
● Development of New Technology
● Awareness in the fields of
○ Space
○ IT (Information and Telecommunications)
○ Computers
○ Biotechnology
○ Nano-technology
○ Robotics
● Issues related to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
○ Insimplewords,IntellectualPropertyRights(IPR)aretherightsgiventopersons
over the creations of their minds.
● Defence technology
—---
PW Web/App:https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4
, Cell: The Fundamental Unit of Life
● A cell is the functional, structural, and basic unit of life of living organisms. In the human
body, there areapproximately 100 trillion cells.
● Robert Hookein around1665propounded the word “cell” after observing a cork (Cells in
Cork) under a microscope that looked as if it was made of tiny pores. These tiny pores
resembled/reminded him of the cells in a monastery.
● In 1674,Antonie Van
Leeuwenhoekwas the
first person to discover
free-living cells from
pondwater under his
microscope more
powerful than the
microscopes of his
time.
● In 1831,Robert Brown
discovered the Nucleus of the cell.
● In 1839,Purkinjecoined the term protoplasm whichis the fluid content within the cell.
● Cell Theory proposed by Schleiden and Schwann:
(a)During 1838 and 1839,Schleiden and Schwann proposedthe ‘Cell Theory.’They
stated that all plants and animals are made up of cells and thesecells are the
basic unit of life.
(b)After a few years, another famous scientistVirchowadded the third point to the
Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann. He opined thatevery cell divides in itself
and originates on its own, i.e., all cells are derived from pre-existing cells.
● Finally, in 1940, the Electron Microscope was discovered.
Structure of a Cell:
● Both animal and plant cell consists of a nucleuswithin the cytoplasm which is also
present in both cells.
PW Web/App:https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4
Daily Class Notes
Science and Technology
, List of Lectures
1. Orientation and Beginning of Science
2. Cell: The Functional Unit of Life
3. Cell: Functional Unit of Life (Part 2)
4. Genetic Material and Immune System
5. Immune System and Microorganism
6. Immune System and Microorganism (Part 02)
7. Nuclease
8. Gene Therapy
9. Stem Cells and Stem Cell Therapy
10 &11. Assisted Reproductive Technology & Cloning
12. Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy
13. Cloning
14. Surrogacy
15. Surrogacy (Part 02)
16. Nanotechnology
17. Carbon Nano Materials
18 & 19. Biomolecules (Part 01)
20. Biomolecules (Part 02)
21. Biomolecules (Part 03)
22. Basics of Physics (Part 01)
23. Basics of Physics (Part 02)
24. Mains Question Practice (Part 2)
25. Basics of Physics (Part 3)
, Science and Technology
Lecture 01: Orientation and Beginning of Science
Discussion of Syllabus
Prelims Paper I
● General Science
Mains Syllabus
● Developments and their application and effects in everyday life
● Achievements of Indians in Science and Technology
● Indigenization of technology
● Development of New Technology
● Awareness in the fields of
○ Space
○ IT (Information and Telecommunications)
○ Computers
○ Biotechnology
○ Nano-technology
○ Robotics
● Issues related to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
○ Insimplewords,IntellectualPropertyRights(IPR)aretherightsgiventopersons
over the creations of their minds.
● Defence technology
—---
PW Web/App:https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4
, Cell: The Fundamental Unit of Life
● A cell is the functional, structural, and basic unit of life of living organisms. In the human
body, there areapproximately 100 trillion cells.
● Robert Hookein around1665propounded the word “cell” after observing a cork (Cells in
Cork) under a microscope that looked as if it was made of tiny pores. These tiny pores
resembled/reminded him of the cells in a monastery.
● In 1674,Antonie Van
Leeuwenhoekwas the
first person to discover
free-living cells from
pondwater under his
microscope more
powerful than the
microscopes of his
time.
● In 1831,Robert Brown
discovered the Nucleus of the cell.
● In 1839,Purkinjecoined the term protoplasm whichis the fluid content within the cell.
● Cell Theory proposed by Schleiden and Schwann:
(a)During 1838 and 1839,Schleiden and Schwann proposedthe ‘Cell Theory.’They
stated that all plants and animals are made up of cells and thesecells are the
basic unit of life.
(b)After a few years, another famous scientistVirchowadded the third point to the
Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann. He opined thatevery cell divides in itself
and originates on its own, i.e., all cells are derived from pre-existing cells.
● Finally, in 1940, the Electron Microscope was discovered.
Structure of a Cell:
● Both animal and plant cell consists of a nucleuswithin the cytoplasm which is also
present in both cells.
PW Web/App:https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4
