DPAM Hematology Unit - Module 1
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Red Bone Marrow - CORRECT ANSWER - Where all blood cells originate : flat &
irregular bones - ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and pelvis
Hematopoesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Process of blood cells developing from stem cells
- located within bone marrow
Hematopoietic Stem Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - The progenitor/precursor cell :
Immature form - Blast(s) : Mature form - Cyte(s)
Dyscrasia - CORRECT ANSWER - Disorder of the cellular components of blood
Progenitor Stem Cell - Myeloid Line - CORRECT ANSWER - RBCs, Megacryocyte
(Thrombocytes/Platelets), Monocytes, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Progenitor Stem Cell - Lymphoid Line - CORRECT ANSWER - T-Lymphocyte, B-
Lymphocyte
Erythropoietin (EPO) - CORRECT ANSWER - Hormone excreted by the kidney to
stimulate the production of RBCs : response to hypoxia in tissues
Raw Materials of RBC Production/Maturation - CORRECT ANSWER - Amino Acids,
Iron, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Folic Acid, Hemoglobin
Lifespan of a RBC - CORRECT ANSWER - 115-120 days - succumbs to phagocytosis of
the spleen
,Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Reduction in the total number of erythrocytes or a
decrease in the quality/quantity of hemoglobin
Low hemoglobin and hematocrit
RBC count may be low or normal
Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
Hematocrit - CORRECT ANSWER - Measurement of % of RBC in the blood
Causes of Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood loss (acute, subacute, chronic),
Impaired erythrocyte production, increase erythrocyte destruction (hemolysis), combination of
all.
Most common cause is GI bleed or heavy menstrual bleeding
Ways Anemia Can Present - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Abnormal result to "routine" lab -
most common
2. Symptoms of fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, dizziness (symptoms of loss of O2 carrying capacity)
3. Blood loss, malnutrition, genetic disorder (cause of anemia)
Blood Loss Types in Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Acute blood loss
- signs include hypotension, tachycardia, blood on the floor
2. Subacute blood loss
- recent surgery, injury, childbirth, blood donation
3. Chronic blood loss
- GI bleed (peptic ulcer disease, IBD), pre-menopausal females with heavy menstrual bleeding
Isolated Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Normal platelets and WBCs
, Reticulocyte Production Index - CORRECT ANSWER - <2 = anemia of
UNDERPRODUCTION
>2 = anemia of HEMOLYSIS
Increased RPI can occur in bleeding (eventually)
Mean Corpuscle Volume (MCV) - CORRECT ANSWER - Size of RBC
Micro-, macro-, normo- cytic
Mean Corpuscle Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - Amount of Hemoglobin in each
RBC
Hypo-, hyper-, normo- chromic
Macrocytic-normochromic Anemias - CORRECT ANSWER - Pernicious Anemia (Vit.
B12) and Folate Deficiency Anemia
Microcytic-hypochromic Anemias - CORRECT ANSWER - Iron Deficiency Anemia
(most common), Sideroblastic, Thalassemia
Normocytic-normochromic Anemias - CORRECT ANSWER - Hemolytic, Aplastic, Sickle
Cell, Anemia of Chronic Disease
Pernicious Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - ** CANT MISS **
Type of B12 deficiency
Autoimmune destruction of stomach parietal cells, causing low IF
Lack of intrinsic factor (IF) = lack of B12 absorption
Inability to absorb B12 leads to abnormal RNA/DNA synthesis in erythroblast -> premature cell
death
Etiologies of B12 Deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Lack of Dietary Intake
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Red Bone Marrow - CORRECT ANSWER - Where all blood cells originate : flat &
irregular bones - ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and pelvis
Hematopoesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Process of blood cells developing from stem cells
- located within bone marrow
Hematopoietic Stem Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - The progenitor/precursor cell :
Immature form - Blast(s) : Mature form - Cyte(s)
Dyscrasia - CORRECT ANSWER - Disorder of the cellular components of blood
Progenitor Stem Cell - Myeloid Line - CORRECT ANSWER - RBCs, Megacryocyte
(Thrombocytes/Platelets), Monocytes, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Progenitor Stem Cell - Lymphoid Line - CORRECT ANSWER - T-Lymphocyte, B-
Lymphocyte
Erythropoietin (EPO) - CORRECT ANSWER - Hormone excreted by the kidney to
stimulate the production of RBCs : response to hypoxia in tissues
Raw Materials of RBC Production/Maturation - CORRECT ANSWER - Amino Acids,
Iron, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Folic Acid, Hemoglobin
Lifespan of a RBC - CORRECT ANSWER - 115-120 days - succumbs to phagocytosis of
the spleen
,Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Reduction in the total number of erythrocytes or a
decrease in the quality/quantity of hemoglobin
Low hemoglobin and hematocrit
RBC count may be low or normal
Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
Hematocrit - CORRECT ANSWER - Measurement of % of RBC in the blood
Causes of Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood loss (acute, subacute, chronic),
Impaired erythrocyte production, increase erythrocyte destruction (hemolysis), combination of
all.
Most common cause is GI bleed or heavy menstrual bleeding
Ways Anemia Can Present - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Abnormal result to "routine" lab -
most common
2. Symptoms of fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, dizziness (symptoms of loss of O2 carrying capacity)
3. Blood loss, malnutrition, genetic disorder (cause of anemia)
Blood Loss Types in Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Acute blood loss
- signs include hypotension, tachycardia, blood on the floor
2. Subacute blood loss
- recent surgery, injury, childbirth, blood donation
3. Chronic blood loss
- GI bleed (peptic ulcer disease, IBD), pre-menopausal females with heavy menstrual bleeding
Isolated Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Normal platelets and WBCs
, Reticulocyte Production Index - CORRECT ANSWER - <2 = anemia of
UNDERPRODUCTION
>2 = anemia of HEMOLYSIS
Increased RPI can occur in bleeding (eventually)
Mean Corpuscle Volume (MCV) - CORRECT ANSWER - Size of RBC
Micro-, macro-, normo- cytic
Mean Corpuscle Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - Amount of Hemoglobin in each
RBC
Hypo-, hyper-, normo- chromic
Macrocytic-normochromic Anemias - CORRECT ANSWER - Pernicious Anemia (Vit.
B12) and Folate Deficiency Anemia
Microcytic-hypochromic Anemias - CORRECT ANSWER - Iron Deficiency Anemia
(most common), Sideroblastic, Thalassemia
Normocytic-normochromic Anemias - CORRECT ANSWER - Hemolytic, Aplastic, Sickle
Cell, Anemia of Chronic Disease
Pernicious Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - ** CANT MISS **
Type of B12 deficiency
Autoimmune destruction of stomach parietal cells, causing low IF
Lack of intrinsic factor (IF) = lack of B12 absorption
Inability to absorb B12 leads to abnormal RNA/DNA synthesis in erythroblast -> premature cell
death
Etiologies of B12 Deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Lack of Dietary Intake
