Radiation Protection In Medical Radiography:
Questions With In-Depth Solutions
Consequences of ionization in human cells Correct Answer - Include
creation of unstable atoms, production of free electrons, creation of highly
reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to the cell,
creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell, and injury to
the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
Ionizing radiation Correct Answer - A form of radiation that is capable of
creating electrically charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the
atom of normal matter through which it passes.
Patient education on ionizing radiation Correct Answer - Patients who
are educated to understand the medical benefit of an imaging procedure are
more likely to suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small
chance of possible biologic damage.
Millisievert (mSv) Correct Answer - Equal to 1/1000 of a sievert.
Advantages of the BERT method Correct Answer - It does not imply
radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison, emphasizes that radiation
is an innate part of our environment, and provides an answer that is easy for
the patient to comprehend.
Radiographer response to radiation questions Correct Answer - A
radiographer can respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of
radiation received from the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
ALARA principle Correct Answer - The selection of technical exposure
factors for all medical imaging procedures should always follow ALARA to
minimize radiation exposure.
Radiation-induced cancer Correct Answer - A type of cancer that has a
dose level at which individuals would have a chance of developing this
disease.
,Cardinal principles of radiation protection Correct Answer - Include
Time, Distance, and Shielding.
ALARA program Correct Answer - A program that aims to keep radiation
exposure As Low As Reasonably Achievable.
Radiation Safety Officer Correct Answer - The professional charged by
hospital administration with being directly responsible for the execution,
enforcement, and maintenance of the ALARA program.
Radiation dose measurement difficulty Correct Answer - Due to the
received dose being specified in different units of measure and the scientific
units for radiation dose being normally incomprehensible by a patient.
X-rays Correct Answer - A form of ionizing radiation.
Unit for measuring radiation exposure Correct Answer - Coulomb per
kilogram in the metric International System of Units.
Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging Correct Answer - An
organization founded in 2007 to raise awareness of the need for dose
reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols.
Justification of imaging procedures Correct Answer - Determined by the
diagnostic efficacy.
BERT method Correct Answer - A method of explaining radiation to the
public.
Image gently pledge Correct Answer - Includes making the image gently
message a priority, reviewing protocol recommendations, and communicating
openly with parents.
Team approach to patient care Correct Answer - Participants assume
responsibility for their areas of expertise and emphasize the importance of
communication throughout the team.
,Best measure of biologic effects of ionizing radiation Correct Answer -
Effective dose.
ALARA principle Correct Answer - A method for comparing the amount
of radiation used in various health care facilities for specific imaging
procedures.
BERT method Correct Answer - A method that establishes a dose level
for radiation-induced malignancy.
Diagnostic efficacy Correct Answer - Includes determining if an imaging
procedure is justified, obtaining images with minimal radiation exposure,
adhering to radiation safety guidelines, and revealing the presence or absence
of disease in a patient.
Effective protective measures Correct Answer - Take into consideration
both human and environmental physical determinants, technical elements,
and procedural factors.
Radiation-induced malignant disease Correct Answer - No safe dose
level exists for this type of disease.
CT requirements by The Joint Commission Correct Answer - Includes
annual education of staff in dose reduction techniques, minimum
qualifications for medical physicists, documentation of CT radiation doses,
and management of CT protocols to minimize radiation dose.
Ionizing radiation from natural sources Correct Answer - Sources that
grow larger because of accidental or deliberate human actions such as mining
radioactive elements are termed enhanced natural sources.
Wave-particle duality Correct Answer - The dual nature of
electromagnetic radiation that travels through space in the form of a wave but
can interact with matter as a particle of energy called a photon.
Risk perception Correct Answer - People are more willing to accept a
risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to be obtained is greater than
the risk involved.
, Radiation safety guidelines Correct Answer - Standards that help ensure
minimal radiation exposure during imaging procedures.
Radiation standards organizations Correct Answer - Groups that may
use information about radiation used in health care facilities.
Regulatory agencies Correct Answer - Organizations that oversee
compliance with radiation safety standards.
Optimization for radiation protection (ORP) Correct Answer - A term
synonymous with the ALARA principle.
Human actions affecting radiation sources Correct Answer - Accidental
or deliberate actions that can increase the levels of ionizing radiation from
natural sources.
Minimum qualifications for medical physicists Correct Answer -
Requirements set by The Joint Commission for staff involved in radiation-
related procedures.
Documentation of CT radiation doses Correct Answer - A requirement
by The Joint Commission for tracking radiation exposure in CT procedures.
Management of CT protocols Correct Answer - A process to minimize
radiation dose as required by The Joint Commission.
Radiation exposure Correct Answer - The amount of radiation received
by a patient during imaging procedures.
Technical elements in radiation protection Correct Answer - Factors that
contribute to effective protective measures against radiation.
Procedural factors in radiation protection Correct Answer - Aspects of
imaging procedures that can affect radiation exposure.
Accrediting bodies Correct Answer - Organizations that may require
compliance with radiation safety standards.
Questions With In-Depth Solutions
Consequences of ionization in human cells Correct Answer - Include
creation of unstable atoms, production of free electrons, creation of highly
reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to the cell,
creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell, and injury to
the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
Ionizing radiation Correct Answer - A form of radiation that is capable of
creating electrically charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the
atom of normal matter through which it passes.
Patient education on ionizing radiation Correct Answer - Patients who
are educated to understand the medical benefit of an imaging procedure are
more likely to suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small
chance of possible biologic damage.
Millisievert (mSv) Correct Answer - Equal to 1/1000 of a sievert.
Advantages of the BERT method Correct Answer - It does not imply
radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison, emphasizes that radiation
is an innate part of our environment, and provides an answer that is easy for
the patient to comprehend.
Radiographer response to radiation questions Correct Answer - A
radiographer can respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of
radiation received from the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
ALARA principle Correct Answer - The selection of technical exposure
factors for all medical imaging procedures should always follow ALARA to
minimize radiation exposure.
Radiation-induced cancer Correct Answer - A type of cancer that has a
dose level at which individuals would have a chance of developing this
disease.
,Cardinal principles of radiation protection Correct Answer - Include
Time, Distance, and Shielding.
ALARA program Correct Answer - A program that aims to keep radiation
exposure As Low As Reasonably Achievable.
Radiation Safety Officer Correct Answer - The professional charged by
hospital administration with being directly responsible for the execution,
enforcement, and maintenance of the ALARA program.
Radiation dose measurement difficulty Correct Answer - Due to the
received dose being specified in different units of measure and the scientific
units for radiation dose being normally incomprehensible by a patient.
X-rays Correct Answer - A form of ionizing radiation.
Unit for measuring radiation exposure Correct Answer - Coulomb per
kilogram in the metric International System of Units.
Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging Correct Answer - An
organization founded in 2007 to raise awareness of the need for dose
reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols.
Justification of imaging procedures Correct Answer - Determined by the
diagnostic efficacy.
BERT method Correct Answer - A method of explaining radiation to the
public.
Image gently pledge Correct Answer - Includes making the image gently
message a priority, reviewing protocol recommendations, and communicating
openly with parents.
Team approach to patient care Correct Answer - Participants assume
responsibility for their areas of expertise and emphasize the importance of
communication throughout the team.
,Best measure of biologic effects of ionizing radiation Correct Answer -
Effective dose.
ALARA principle Correct Answer - A method for comparing the amount
of radiation used in various health care facilities for specific imaging
procedures.
BERT method Correct Answer - A method that establishes a dose level
for radiation-induced malignancy.
Diagnostic efficacy Correct Answer - Includes determining if an imaging
procedure is justified, obtaining images with minimal radiation exposure,
adhering to radiation safety guidelines, and revealing the presence or absence
of disease in a patient.
Effective protective measures Correct Answer - Take into consideration
both human and environmental physical determinants, technical elements,
and procedural factors.
Radiation-induced malignant disease Correct Answer - No safe dose
level exists for this type of disease.
CT requirements by The Joint Commission Correct Answer - Includes
annual education of staff in dose reduction techniques, minimum
qualifications for medical physicists, documentation of CT radiation doses,
and management of CT protocols to minimize radiation dose.
Ionizing radiation from natural sources Correct Answer - Sources that
grow larger because of accidental or deliberate human actions such as mining
radioactive elements are termed enhanced natural sources.
Wave-particle duality Correct Answer - The dual nature of
electromagnetic radiation that travels through space in the form of a wave but
can interact with matter as a particle of energy called a photon.
Risk perception Correct Answer - People are more willing to accept a
risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to be obtained is greater than
the risk involved.
, Radiation safety guidelines Correct Answer - Standards that help ensure
minimal radiation exposure during imaging procedures.
Radiation standards organizations Correct Answer - Groups that may
use information about radiation used in health care facilities.
Regulatory agencies Correct Answer - Organizations that oversee
compliance with radiation safety standards.
Optimization for radiation protection (ORP) Correct Answer - A term
synonymous with the ALARA principle.
Human actions affecting radiation sources Correct Answer - Accidental
or deliberate actions that can increase the levels of ionizing radiation from
natural sources.
Minimum qualifications for medical physicists Correct Answer -
Requirements set by The Joint Commission for staff involved in radiation-
related procedures.
Documentation of CT radiation doses Correct Answer - A requirement
by The Joint Commission for tracking radiation exposure in CT procedures.
Management of CT protocols Correct Answer - A process to minimize
radiation dose as required by The Joint Commission.
Radiation exposure Correct Answer - The amount of radiation received
by a patient during imaging procedures.
Technical elements in radiation protection Correct Answer - Factors that
contribute to effective protective measures against radiation.
Procedural factors in radiation protection Correct Answer - Aspects of
imaging procedures that can affect radiation exposure.
Accrediting bodies Correct Answer - Organizations that may require
compliance with radiation safety standards.
