FNDH 400 Final Exam questions and
answers latest top score .
what's the importance of thionein to zinc? correct answer.it's the storage protein
-is a better simulator of thionein levels
what's the importance of metallothionein to zinc? correct answer.it's what thionein is
known as once thionein has bound a mineral (or a metal)
what's the importance of thionein and metallothionein to copper? correct
answer.copper binds to this to form metallothionein
-a more avid binder to this protein
metalloenzymes correct answer.enzymes that use zinc as a cofactor
cupric (Cu2+) correct answer.oxidized form of copper
cuprous (Cu1+) correct answer.reduced form of copper
why is copper important to iron absorption/transport? correct answer.it's dependenton
two copper-containing proteins, ceruloplasmin and hephaestin to oxidize Fe2+ to
Fe3+
-Fe3+ is the form that binds to transferrin
what form of copper is used in supplements that is essentially not absorbed at all?
correct answer.cupric oxide
,why can copper deficiency result in hypochromic anemia? correct answer.it can resultin a
secondary iron deficiency, since Fe2+ cannot be oxidized to Fe3+ to bind to transferrin
what are Kayser-Fleischer rings? correct answer.golden to greenish-brown ringsaround
the edges of the cornea
-result of copper toxicity
what do Kayser-Fleischer rings result from? correct answer.wilson's disease
-a genetic disorder where a mutation in ATP7B prevents copper excretion, resulting in
copper toxicity
how can high zinc consumption lead to deficiencies in copper and iron? correct
answer.-no ceruloplasmin is produced and released into circulation
-decreasing ceruloplasmin in circulation and hephaestin on the membrane of the
enterocyte which normally convert Fe2+ to Fe3+ so that iron can bind to transferrin
-without them Fe3+ is not formed from Fe2+
-Fe2+ is "trapped" in the enterocyte because it can't bind to transferrin
-enterocytes containing the "trapped" iron move up the crypt and are also sloughed off
and excreted in feces
-iron consumed essentially is lost from the body through this process
what are electrolytes? correct answer.compounds that separate into ions (molecules
with a charge) in water
what are cations? correct answer.ions that have a positive charge
-a class of electrolytes
what are anions? correct answer.ions that have a negative charge
-a class of electrolytes
how can increased plasma sodium concentrations lead to increased blood pressure in
salt-sensitive individuals? correct answer.-salt-sensitive means blood pressure
increases with increased salt intake and decreases with decreased salt intake
-increased plasma sodium concentrations increases plasma volume and blood pressure
prevalence of salt-sensitivity correct answer.-25% of normotensive (normal blood
pressure) individuals
-50% of hypertensive individuals are salt-sensitive
salt's relation to hypertension correct answer.(high blood pressure), which increases
their risk of developing cardiovascular disease
-salt and/or sodium intake is believed to be a major causative factor
, the 3impact 3on 3recommendations 3to 3reduce 3salt/sodium 3intake 3of 3all 3foods 3correct
3answer.-reducing 3salt 3intake 3might 3not 3impact 3the 3blood 3pressure 3of 3most
3people3 because 3they 3are 3not 3salt-sensitive
-reducing 3sodium 3in 3the 3food 3supply 3would 3not 3hurt 3the 3vast 3majority 3of 3people
-it 3would 3likely 3help 3salt-sensitive 3people 3control 3their 3blood 3pressure
DASH 3diet 3correct 3answer.dietary 3approaches 3to 3stop 3hypertension
what 3does 3the 3DASH 3diet 3emphasize? 3correct 3answer.-fruits, 3vegetables, 3fat-free/low-
fat 3milk 3and 3milk 3products, 3whole 3grain 3products, 3fish, 3poultry, 3nuts
3
-high 3in 3potassium, 3magnesium, 3calcium, 3protein, 3fiber
what 3does 3the 3DASH 3diet 3limit? 3correct 3answer.red 3meat, 3sweets, 3added 3sugars, 3and
sugar-containing 3beverages
3
what's 3the 3debate 3around 3whether 3public 3health 3policy 3should 3be 3trying 3to 3reduce 3the
salt 3intake 3of 3everyone? 3correct 3answer.currently 3there 3is 3not 3a 3consensus 3about
3
3appropriate 3levels 3of 3salt 3intake
arguments 3for 3reducing 3salt 3correct 3answer.-salt-sensitive 3people 3don't 3have 3very
many 3options 3because 3salt 3is 3so 3prevalent 3in 3foods
3
-reducing 3salt 3would 3work 3for 3the 3greater 3good, 3insurance 3coverage/costs 3would 3be 3less
because 3salt-sensitive 3people 3would 3have 3this 3help 3in 3controlling 3their 3blood 3pressure
3
arguments 3against 3reducing 3salt 3correct 3answer.-salt 3is 3a 3flavor 3enhancer 3and 3makes
many 3foods 3more 3palatable
3
-not 3everyone 3is 3salt-sensitive, 3and 3there 3is 3not 3a 3good 3way 3to 3find 3out
ceruloplasmin's 3dual 3roles 3in 3the 3body 3correct 3answer.-oxidizes 3Fe2+ 3to 3Fe3+ 3so 3it
can 3bind 3to 3transferrin
3
-transports 3copper 3through 3circulation
true 3or 3false: 3your 3friend 3synthesizes 3a 3compound 3that 3is 36 3fructoses 3and 31 3glucose
3bonded 3together. 3This 3compound 3is 3selectively 3fermented 3by 3beneficial 3colon
3bacteria3 and 3thus 3is 3both 3a 3polysaccharide 3and 3a 3probiotic. 3correct 3answer.false
Your 3friend 3synthesizes 3a 3compound 3that 3is 36 3fructoses 3and 31 3glucose 3bonded
3together. 3 This 3compound 3is 3selectively 3fermented 3by 3beneficial 3colon 3bacteria 3and
3thus 3is 3both 3an3OLIGOSACCHARIDE 3and 3a 3PREBIOTIC.
true 3or 3false: 3different 3than 3the 3PDCAAS, 3the 3DIAAS 3uses 3ileal 3digestibility, 3a 3single
reference 3pattern, 3and 3is 3truncated. 3correct 3answer.false
3
-different 3than 3the 3PDCAAS, 3the 3DIAAS 3uses 3ileal 3digestibility, 3MULTIPLE 3references
patterns, 3and 3is 3NOT 3truncated.
3
answers latest top score .
what's the importance of thionein to zinc? correct answer.it's the storage protein
-is a better simulator of thionein levels
what's the importance of metallothionein to zinc? correct answer.it's what thionein is
known as once thionein has bound a mineral (or a metal)
what's the importance of thionein and metallothionein to copper? correct
answer.copper binds to this to form metallothionein
-a more avid binder to this protein
metalloenzymes correct answer.enzymes that use zinc as a cofactor
cupric (Cu2+) correct answer.oxidized form of copper
cuprous (Cu1+) correct answer.reduced form of copper
why is copper important to iron absorption/transport? correct answer.it's dependenton
two copper-containing proteins, ceruloplasmin and hephaestin to oxidize Fe2+ to
Fe3+
-Fe3+ is the form that binds to transferrin
what form of copper is used in supplements that is essentially not absorbed at all?
correct answer.cupric oxide
,why can copper deficiency result in hypochromic anemia? correct answer.it can resultin a
secondary iron deficiency, since Fe2+ cannot be oxidized to Fe3+ to bind to transferrin
what are Kayser-Fleischer rings? correct answer.golden to greenish-brown ringsaround
the edges of the cornea
-result of copper toxicity
what do Kayser-Fleischer rings result from? correct answer.wilson's disease
-a genetic disorder where a mutation in ATP7B prevents copper excretion, resulting in
copper toxicity
how can high zinc consumption lead to deficiencies in copper and iron? correct
answer.-no ceruloplasmin is produced and released into circulation
-decreasing ceruloplasmin in circulation and hephaestin on the membrane of the
enterocyte which normally convert Fe2+ to Fe3+ so that iron can bind to transferrin
-without them Fe3+ is not formed from Fe2+
-Fe2+ is "trapped" in the enterocyte because it can't bind to transferrin
-enterocytes containing the "trapped" iron move up the crypt and are also sloughed off
and excreted in feces
-iron consumed essentially is lost from the body through this process
what are electrolytes? correct answer.compounds that separate into ions (molecules
with a charge) in water
what are cations? correct answer.ions that have a positive charge
-a class of electrolytes
what are anions? correct answer.ions that have a negative charge
-a class of electrolytes
how can increased plasma sodium concentrations lead to increased blood pressure in
salt-sensitive individuals? correct answer.-salt-sensitive means blood pressure
increases with increased salt intake and decreases with decreased salt intake
-increased plasma sodium concentrations increases plasma volume and blood pressure
prevalence of salt-sensitivity correct answer.-25% of normotensive (normal blood
pressure) individuals
-50% of hypertensive individuals are salt-sensitive
salt's relation to hypertension correct answer.(high blood pressure), which increases
their risk of developing cardiovascular disease
-salt and/or sodium intake is believed to be a major causative factor
, the 3impact 3on 3recommendations 3to 3reduce 3salt/sodium 3intake 3of 3all 3foods 3correct
3answer.-reducing 3salt 3intake 3might 3not 3impact 3the 3blood 3pressure 3of 3most
3people3 because 3they 3are 3not 3salt-sensitive
-reducing 3sodium 3in 3the 3food 3supply 3would 3not 3hurt 3the 3vast 3majority 3of 3people
-it 3would 3likely 3help 3salt-sensitive 3people 3control 3their 3blood 3pressure
DASH 3diet 3correct 3answer.dietary 3approaches 3to 3stop 3hypertension
what 3does 3the 3DASH 3diet 3emphasize? 3correct 3answer.-fruits, 3vegetables, 3fat-free/low-
fat 3milk 3and 3milk 3products, 3whole 3grain 3products, 3fish, 3poultry, 3nuts
3
-high 3in 3potassium, 3magnesium, 3calcium, 3protein, 3fiber
what 3does 3the 3DASH 3diet 3limit? 3correct 3answer.red 3meat, 3sweets, 3added 3sugars, 3and
sugar-containing 3beverages
3
what's 3the 3debate 3around 3whether 3public 3health 3policy 3should 3be 3trying 3to 3reduce 3the
salt 3intake 3of 3everyone? 3correct 3answer.currently 3there 3is 3not 3a 3consensus 3about
3
3appropriate 3levels 3of 3salt 3intake
arguments 3for 3reducing 3salt 3correct 3answer.-salt-sensitive 3people 3don't 3have 3very
many 3options 3because 3salt 3is 3so 3prevalent 3in 3foods
3
-reducing 3salt 3would 3work 3for 3the 3greater 3good, 3insurance 3coverage/costs 3would 3be 3less
because 3salt-sensitive 3people 3would 3have 3this 3help 3in 3controlling 3their 3blood 3pressure
3
arguments 3against 3reducing 3salt 3correct 3answer.-salt 3is 3a 3flavor 3enhancer 3and 3makes
many 3foods 3more 3palatable
3
-not 3everyone 3is 3salt-sensitive, 3and 3there 3is 3not 3a 3good 3way 3to 3find 3out
ceruloplasmin's 3dual 3roles 3in 3the 3body 3correct 3answer.-oxidizes 3Fe2+ 3to 3Fe3+ 3so 3it
can 3bind 3to 3transferrin
3
-transports 3copper 3through 3circulation
true 3or 3false: 3your 3friend 3synthesizes 3a 3compound 3that 3is 36 3fructoses 3and 31 3glucose
3bonded 3together. 3This 3compound 3is 3selectively 3fermented 3by 3beneficial 3colon
3bacteria3 and 3thus 3is 3both 3a 3polysaccharide 3and 3a 3probiotic. 3correct 3answer.false
Your 3friend 3synthesizes 3a 3compound 3that 3is 36 3fructoses 3and 31 3glucose 3bonded
3together. 3 This 3compound 3is 3selectively 3fermented 3by 3beneficial 3colon 3bacteria 3and
3thus 3is 3both 3an3OLIGOSACCHARIDE 3and 3a 3PREBIOTIC.
true 3or 3false: 3different 3than 3the 3PDCAAS, 3the 3DIAAS 3uses 3ileal 3digestibility, 3a 3single
reference 3pattern, 3and 3is 3truncated. 3correct 3answer.false
3
-different 3than 3the 3PDCAAS, 3the 3DIAAS 3uses 3ileal 3digestibility, 3MULTIPLE 3references
patterns, 3and 3is 3NOT 3truncated.
3
