BIO 109 – REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLLUTIONS
One enzyme can carry out
A) A wide variety of chemical reactions
B) All the reactions of glycolysis
C) mathematical calculations
D) one or very few chemical reactions
E) osmosis and/or diffusion - ANSWER-D) one or very few chemical reactions
An enzyme caries out a chemicals reaction 100 times per second. Without the
enzyme, the reaction would
A) occur more slowly than with the enzyme
B) not occur at all
C) occur faster than with the enzyme
D) occur in reverse
E) have a different equilibrium point - ANSWER-A) occur more slowly than with the
enzyme
Metabolic processes in living organisms are often controlled through
A) phosphorylation reactions
B) the law of supply and demand
C) feedback inhibition
D) thermodynamic inhibition
E) complicated mechanisms that I don't remember - ANSWER-C) feedback inhibition
The energy needed to carry out endergonic reactions is provided by
A) exergonic reactions
B) glucose
C) electricity
D) enzymes
E) the sun - ANSWER-A) exergonic reactions
The activation energy is the energy
A) absorbed by the molecules during the reaction
B) released by the molecules during the reaction
C) molecules have while at rest
D) turned into light and heat
E) needed to start a chemical reaction - ANSWER-E) needed to start a chemical
reaction
Some molecules are able to cross membranes while other molecules do not. For this
reason, we say that
A) membranes are fluid mosaic
B) membranes are selectively permeable
C) water cannot cross the membrane
D) membranes contain cholesterol
,E) transport proteins are located on membranes - ANSWER-B) membranes are
selectively permeable
The main component of membranes is
A) protein
B) cholesterol
C) glycolipids
D) a double layer of phospholipids called the phospholipid bilayer
E) DNA - ANSWER-D) a double layer of phospholipids called the phospholipid
bilayer
The diffusion of water across a membrane is called
A) osmosis
B) active transport
C) facilitated diffusion
D) a concentration gradient
E) endocytosis - ANSWER-A) osmosis
What would happen to human red blood cells if they were placed in pure water?
A) They would shrivel up and shrink
B) They would become turgid (pressurised)
C) They would take in water causing them to swell and eventually burst
D) They would be plasmolyzed with the membrane separating from the cell wall
E) Nothing. The blood is mostly water, so placing the cells in pure water would not
have a significant effect. - ANSWER-C) They would take in water causing them to
swell and eventually burst
The second law of thermodynamics says
A) that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed
B) that entropy always increases
C) that whenever energy is transformed, some energy is lost
D) A and B
E) B and C - ANSWER-E) B and C
How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?
A) They produce ATP.
B) They produce glucose.
C) They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide.
D) The energy is coupled to oxygen.
E) None of the choices are correct. - ANSWER-A) They produce ATP.
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During
these energy conversions, some energy is
A) lost in the form of heat.
B) created in the form of heat.
C) used to create light.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices are correct. - ANSWER-A) lost in the form of heat.
The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is
,A) C5H12O6 + 6 O2 → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
B) 5 CO2 + 6 H2O → C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy.
C) C6H12O12 + 3 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
D) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
E) None of the choices are correct. - ANSWER-D) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6
H2O + energy.
Humans use about __________ of their daily calories for involuntary life-sustaining
activities such as digestion, circulation, and breathing.
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 90% - ANSWER-D) 75%
Which of the following statements regarding thermodynamics is false?
A) Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations that occur in a collection
of matter.
B) The collection of matter under study is called the system.
C) A single cell or the planet Earth could be a thermodynamic system.
D) An open system exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings.
E) An automobile engine is an example of a closed system. - ANSWER-E) An
automobile engine is an example of a closed system.
A steer must eat at least 100 pounds of grain to gain less than 10 pounds of muscle
tissue. This illustrates
A) the first law of thermodynamics.
B) the second law of thermodynamics.
C) that some energy is destroyed in every energy conversion.
D) that energy transformations are typically 100% efficient.
E) None of the choices are correct. - ANSWER-B) the second law of
thermodynamics.
Which one of the following processes is endergonic?
A) the burning of wood
B) the release of heat from the breakdown of glucose
C) the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water
D) the breakdown of glucose
E) cellular respiration - ANSWER-C) the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide
and water
Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely
A) result in cell death.
B) force the cell to rely on lipids for energy.
C) result in the conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy.
D) force the cell to rely on ADP for energy.
E) have no effect on the cell. - ANSWER-A) result in cell death.
The molecule that couples endergonic and exergonic reactions in cells is
, A) phosphorylation.
B) DNA.
C) ATP.
D) ADP.
E) the activation energy. - ANSWER-C) ATP.
When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it couples a(n) ________
reaction with a(n) ________ reaction.
A) exergonic . . . endergonic
B) endergonic . . . exergonic
C) exergonic . . . spontaneous
D) spontaneous . . . exergonic
E) endergonic . . . spontaneous - ANSWER-A) exergonic . . . endergonic
An energy barrier
A) is the amount of energy that must be produced by the reactants to start a
chemical reaction.
B) is higher than the energy of activation of a reaction.
C) is lower than the energy of activation of a reaction.
D) prevents the spontaneous decomposition of molecules in the cell.
E) can only be overcome with the use of enzymes. - ANSWER-D) prevents the
spontaneous decomposition of molecules in the cell.
Which one of the following is true?
A) Enzymes are inorganic.
B) An enzyme's function is unaffected by changes in pH.
C) Enzymes are the reactants in a chemical reaction.
D) Enzymes catalyze specific reactions.
E) All enzymes depend on protein cofactors to function. - ANSWER-D) Enzymes
catalyze specific reactions.
Substrates bind to an enzyme's ________ site.
A) reactant
B) allosteric
C) regulatory
D) phosphate
E) active - ANSWER-E) active
Which of the following can affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
A) temperature
B) pH
C) All of the choices are correct. - ANSWER-C) All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following substances could be a cofactor?
A) a protein
B) a polypeptide
C) a zinc atom
D) a ribosome
E) collagen - ANSWER-C) a zinc atom
WITH COMPLETE SOLLUTIONS
One enzyme can carry out
A) A wide variety of chemical reactions
B) All the reactions of glycolysis
C) mathematical calculations
D) one or very few chemical reactions
E) osmosis and/or diffusion - ANSWER-D) one or very few chemical reactions
An enzyme caries out a chemicals reaction 100 times per second. Without the
enzyme, the reaction would
A) occur more slowly than with the enzyme
B) not occur at all
C) occur faster than with the enzyme
D) occur in reverse
E) have a different equilibrium point - ANSWER-A) occur more slowly than with the
enzyme
Metabolic processes in living organisms are often controlled through
A) phosphorylation reactions
B) the law of supply and demand
C) feedback inhibition
D) thermodynamic inhibition
E) complicated mechanisms that I don't remember - ANSWER-C) feedback inhibition
The energy needed to carry out endergonic reactions is provided by
A) exergonic reactions
B) glucose
C) electricity
D) enzymes
E) the sun - ANSWER-A) exergonic reactions
The activation energy is the energy
A) absorbed by the molecules during the reaction
B) released by the molecules during the reaction
C) molecules have while at rest
D) turned into light and heat
E) needed to start a chemical reaction - ANSWER-E) needed to start a chemical
reaction
Some molecules are able to cross membranes while other molecules do not. For this
reason, we say that
A) membranes are fluid mosaic
B) membranes are selectively permeable
C) water cannot cross the membrane
D) membranes contain cholesterol
,E) transport proteins are located on membranes - ANSWER-B) membranes are
selectively permeable
The main component of membranes is
A) protein
B) cholesterol
C) glycolipids
D) a double layer of phospholipids called the phospholipid bilayer
E) DNA - ANSWER-D) a double layer of phospholipids called the phospholipid
bilayer
The diffusion of water across a membrane is called
A) osmosis
B) active transport
C) facilitated diffusion
D) a concentration gradient
E) endocytosis - ANSWER-A) osmosis
What would happen to human red blood cells if they were placed in pure water?
A) They would shrivel up and shrink
B) They would become turgid (pressurised)
C) They would take in water causing them to swell and eventually burst
D) They would be plasmolyzed with the membrane separating from the cell wall
E) Nothing. The blood is mostly water, so placing the cells in pure water would not
have a significant effect. - ANSWER-C) They would take in water causing them to
swell and eventually burst
The second law of thermodynamics says
A) that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed
B) that entropy always increases
C) that whenever energy is transformed, some energy is lost
D) A and B
E) B and C - ANSWER-E) B and C
How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?
A) They produce ATP.
B) They produce glucose.
C) They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide.
D) The energy is coupled to oxygen.
E) None of the choices are correct. - ANSWER-A) They produce ATP.
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During
these energy conversions, some energy is
A) lost in the form of heat.
B) created in the form of heat.
C) used to create light.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices are correct. - ANSWER-A) lost in the form of heat.
The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is
,A) C5H12O6 + 6 O2 → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
B) 5 CO2 + 6 H2O → C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy.
C) C6H12O12 + 3 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
D) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
E) None of the choices are correct. - ANSWER-D) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6
H2O + energy.
Humans use about __________ of their daily calories for involuntary life-sustaining
activities such as digestion, circulation, and breathing.
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 90% - ANSWER-D) 75%
Which of the following statements regarding thermodynamics is false?
A) Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations that occur in a collection
of matter.
B) The collection of matter under study is called the system.
C) A single cell or the planet Earth could be a thermodynamic system.
D) An open system exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings.
E) An automobile engine is an example of a closed system. - ANSWER-E) An
automobile engine is an example of a closed system.
A steer must eat at least 100 pounds of grain to gain less than 10 pounds of muscle
tissue. This illustrates
A) the first law of thermodynamics.
B) the second law of thermodynamics.
C) that some energy is destroyed in every energy conversion.
D) that energy transformations are typically 100% efficient.
E) None of the choices are correct. - ANSWER-B) the second law of
thermodynamics.
Which one of the following processes is endergonic?
A) the burning of wood
B) the release of heat from the breakdown of glucose
C) the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water
D) the breakdown of glucose
E) cellular respiration - ANSWER-C) the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide
and water
Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely
A) result in cell death.
B) force the cell to rely on lipids for energy.
C) result in the conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy.
D) force the cell to rely on ADP for energy.
E) have no effect on the cell. - ANSWER-A) result in cell death.
The molecule that couples endergonic and exergonic reactions in cells is
, A) phosphorylation.
B) DNA.
C) ATP.
D) ADP.
E) the activation energy. - ANSWER-C) ATP.
When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it couples a(n) ________
reaction with a(n) ________ reaction.
A) exergonic . . . endergonic
B) endergonic . . . exergonic
C) exergonic . . . spontaneous
D) spontaneous . . . exergonic
E) endergonic . . . spontaneous - ANSWER-A) exergonic . . . endergonic
An energy barrier
A) is the amount of energy that must be produced by the reactants to start a
chemical reaction.
B) is higher than the energy of activation of a reaction.
C) is lower than the energy of activation of a reaction.
D) prevents the spontaneous decomposition of molecules in the cell.
E) can only be overcome with the use of enzymes. - ANSWER-D) prevents the
spontaneous decomposition of molecules in the cell.
Which one of the following is true?
A) Enzymes are inorganic.
B) An enzyme's function is unaffected by changes in pH.
C) Enzymes are the reactants in a chemical reaction.
D) Enzymes catalyze specific reactions.
E) All enzymes depend on protein cofactors to function. - ANSWER-D) Enzymes
catalyze specific reactions.
Substrates bind to an enzyme's ________ site.
A) reactant
B) allosteric
C) regulatory
D) phosphate
E) active - ANSWER-E) active
Which of the following can affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
A) temperature
B) pH
C) All of the choices are correct. - ANSWER-C) All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following substances could be a cofactor?
A) a protein
B) a polypeptide
C) a zinc atom
D) a ribosome
E) collagen - ANSWER-C) a zinc atom
