BIOLOGY 109 VERTEBRATES EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
types of Gnathostome - jawed fish - ANSWER-Chondrichthyans
Osteichthyans
Chondrichthyans - ANSWER-- clade Chondrichthyes
- cartilaginous fishes
- uncovered gills slits
- includes sharksrays, and skates
lateral line system
Sharks are - ANSWER-Chondrichthyes
Shark characteristics - ANSWER-- streamlined body; swift swimmers
- uncovered gill slits
- acute senses including sight, smell, and the ability to detect electrical fields from
nearby animals (ampullae of Lorenzini)
- larger sharks are suspension feeders, but most are carnivores
(ampullae of Lorenzini) - ANSWER-can detect weak electrical fields - shark
Shark eggs are fertilized internally but embryos can develop in different ways: -
ANSWER-oviparous, ovoviviparous
viviparous
oviparous - ANSWER-: eggs hatch outside the mother's body
egg
ovoviviparous - ANSWER-: embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished by
the egg yolk
hatch from an egg inside the mother
viviparous - ANSWER-embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished through a
yolk sac placenta from the mother's blood
live birth
The reproductive tract, excretory system, and digestive tract empty into a common -
ANSWER-cloaca - birds also have it
Osteichthyans include - ANSWER-bony fish and tetrapods
Osteichthyans characteristics - ANSWER-- clade Osteichthyes
- bony fishes (and tetrapods)
- aquatic osteichthyans are fishes
- gill slits covered with bone (operculum)
, - lateral line system
- swim bladder
- most are oviparous; some have internal fertilization and birthing
- gill slits covered with bone (-------) - ANSWER-operculum
2 types of Osteichthyans - ANSWER-ray finned fish
lobe finned fish
What class do ray-finned fishes belong to? - ANSWER-Actinopterygii
ray-finned fish characteristics - ANSWER-- fins derived from skin
- most fishes are ray-finned
ray-finned fish example - ANSWER-Yellowfin tuna
Red lionfish
Common sea horse
mudskippers
Fine-spottedmoray eel,
What class do lobe-finned fish belong to? - ANSWER-Sarcopterygii
Lobe finned fish characteristics - ANSWER-- thick, fleshy fins supported by bones
(pelvic and pectoral fins)
- swim and "walk" underwater
- three extant lineages are the coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods
what are the three extant lineages of Lobe finned fish - ANSWER-coelacanths,
lungfishes, and tetrapods
Lobe finned fish example - ANSWER-lungfish and coelacanths
what are lungfish ancestors of - ANSWER-tetrapods
Are Gnathostomes That Have Limbs - ANSWER-Tetrapods
tetrapod means - ANSWER-4 limbs- legs
Tetrapod characteristics - ANSWER-1. Neck, which allows separate movement of
the head
2. Four limbs and feet with digits.
3. Ears for detecting airborne sounds. - have eardrums
4. The absence of gills (except some aquatic species)
5. Fusion of the pelvic girdle to the backbone
List the characteristics of primates and their three main groupings. - ANSWER--
hands and feet for grasping
-nails flat instead of claws
-rides on skin
-big brain
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
types of Gnathostome - jawed fish - ANSWER-Chondrichthyans
Osteichthyans
Chondrichthyans - ANSWER-- clade Chondrichthyes
- cartilaginous fishes
- uncovered gills slits
- includes sharksrays, and skates
lateral line system
Sharks are - ANSWER-Chondrichthyes
Shark characteristics - ANSWER-- streamlined body; swift swimmers
- uncovered gill slits
- acute senses including sight, smell, and the ability to detect electrical fields from
nearby animals (ampullae of Lorenzini)
- larger sharks are suspension feeders, but most are carnivores
(ampullae of Lorenzini) - ANSWER-can detect weak electrical fields - shark
Shark eggs are fertilized internally but embryos can develop in different ways: -
ANSWER-oviparous, ovoviviparous
viviparous
oviparous - ANSWER-: eggs hatch outside the mother's body
egg
ovoviviparous - ANSWER-: embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished by
the egg yolk
hatch from an egg inside the mother
viviparous - ANSWER-embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished through a
yolk sac placenta from the mother's blood
live birth
The reproductive tract, excretory system, and digestive tract empty into a common -
ANSWER-cloaca - birds also have it
Osteichthyans include - ANSWER-bony fish and tetrapods
Osteichthyans characteristics - ANSWER-- clade Osteichthyes
- bony fishes (and tetrapods)
- aquatic osteichthyans are fishes
- gill slits covered with bone (operculum)
, - lateral line system
- swim bladder
- most are oviparous; some have internal fertilization and birthing
- gill slits covered with bone (-------) - ANSWER-operculum
2 types of Osteichthyans - ANSWER-ray finned fish
lobe finned fish
What class do ray-finned fishes belong to? - ANSWER-Actinopterygii
ray-finned fish characteristics - ANSWER-- fins derived from skin
- most fishes are ray-finned
ray-finned fish example - ANSWER-Yellowfin tuna
Red lionfish
Common sea horse
mudskippers
Fine-spottedmoray eel,
What class do lobe-finned fish belong to? - ANSWER-Sarcopterygii
Lobe finned fish characteristics - ANSWER-- thick, fleshy fins supported by bones
(pelvic and pectoral fins)
- swim and "walk" underwater
- three extant lineages are the coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods
what are the three extant lineages of Lobe finned fish - ANSWER-coelacanths,
lungfishes, and tetrapods
Lobe finned fish example - ANSWER-lungfish and coelacanths
what are lungfish ancestors of - ANSWER-tetrapods
Are Gnathostomes That Have Limbs - ANSWER-Tetrapods
tetrapod means - ANSWER-4 limbs- legs
Tetrapod characteristics - ANSWER-1. Neck, which allows separate movement of
the head
2. Four limbs and feet with digits.
3. Ears for detecting airborne sounds. - have eardrums
4. The absence of gills (except some aquatic species)
5. Fusion of the pelvic girdle to the backbone
List the characteristics of primates and their three main groupings. - ANSWER--
hands and feet for grasping
-nails flat instead of claws
-rides on skin
-big brain
