BIOLOGY 109 EXAM 4 (CH 26-36)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Calls from a blastocyst stage of human embryo that are capable of giving rise to all
types of cells in the adult body, pluripotent. - ANSWER-Embryonic stem cell ESC
5 days after first cell division post conception, hallowed out, fluid filled ball of 100-150
cells. - ANSWER-Blastocyst
Have the ability to form a limited number of other cell types, multipotent. function
throughout your entire life.
example: bone marrow stem cells can generate all blood cells, intestinal stem cells
can generate all types of intestinal cells. - ANSWER-Adult stem cell
Introduces by introduction of new genes to become pluripotent. - ANSWER-Induced
pluripotent stem cells iPS
Insertion of genetic material into human cells for the treatment of genetic disorders
and various other human illnesses.
example: treatment of cancer - ANSWER-Gene therapy
Study of the complete genetic sequences of humans and other organisms. -
ANSWER-Genomics
What is the Human Genome Project? - ANSWER-23,000 genes in humans.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms SNP's.
What is the modern definition of a gene? How does it differ from the traditional
definition? - ANSWER-Modern gene focuses on result of transcription.
Bioinformatics - ANSWER-Computer technologies, specifically developed software,
and statistical techniques can be used to study biological information, particularly
databases that contain much genomic and proteomic information.
Can find significant patterns in the raw data of DNA sequences.
The study of the structure, function, and interactions of cellular proteins.
each cell produces hundreds of different proteins that can vary between or within
cells depending on conditions. - ANSWER-Proteomics
What is the unifying theory of biology? - ANSWER-Evolution
What is biological evolution? - ANSWER-The change in the properties of populations
of organisms over the course of generations.
, What are the two core principles of evolution? - ANSWER-
Can an individual organism evolve? - ANSWER-Individuals do not evolve.
What is the smallest grouping of organisms that can evolve? - ANSWER-
Populations, which are groups of interbreeding individuals.
What scientist is considered the "father of evolutionary biology"? - ANSWER-Charles
Darwin
What was the name of his publication where he out forth his theory of evolution? -
ANSWER-On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
What is the name of the group of islands where he completed many of his studies
that led to his formation of this theory? - ANSWER-Galapagos Islands
Naturally occurring bacterial enzymes that cut DNA in specific places. - ANSWER-
Restriction Enzyme
Circular, double-stranded bacterial DNA that is found outside of the bacterial
chromosome. - ANSWER-Plasmid
What roles do restriction enzymes and plasmids have in the process of making
transgenic bacteria? - ANSWER-Restriction enzyme - cleaves DNA.
Plasmid - places the gene of interest into host cell.
What type of organism naturally makes restriction enzymes and why? - ANSWER-
Bacteria. To cut up invading virus DNA.
Can transgenic bacteria be used to make human proteins? - ANSWER-Yes.
What types of genes are added to most genetically modified plants in current
agriculture use? - genes for two specific functions. - ANSWER-Genes for insect or
pesticide resistance for farmer convenience.
To make an exact genetic copy of; can be a single gene or an entire organism. -
ANSWER-Clone
Cloning intended to produce adult mammals. - ANSWER-Reproductive cloning
The most common method in which a somatic cell is fused with an enucleated egg. -
ANSWER-Somatic cell nuclear transfer
What are three examples of cloning procedures? - ANSWER-1. transgenic bacteria -
cloning human genes,
2. Dolly the sheep - somatic cell nuclear transfer,
3. Plant cuttings - replanted to grow into new organism.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Calls from a blastocyst stage of human embryo that are capable of giving rise to all
types of cells in the adult body, pluripotent. - ANSWER-Embryonic stem cell ESC
5 days after first cell division post conception, hallowed out, fluid filled ball of 100-150
cells. - ANSWER-Blastocyst
Have the ability to form a limited number of other cell types, multipotent. function
throughout your entire life.
example: bone marrow stem cells can generate all blood cells, intestinal stem cells
can generate all types of intestinal cells. - ANSWER-Adult stem cell
Introduces by introduction of new genes to become pluripotent. - ANSWER-Induced
pluripotent stem cells iPS
Insertion of genetic material into human cells for the treatment of genetic disorders
and various other human illnesses.
example: treatment of cancer - ANSWER-Gene therapy
Study of the complete genetic sequences of humans and other organisms. -
ANSWER-Genomics
What is the Human Genome Project? - ANSWER-23,000 genes in humans.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms SNP's.
What is the modern definition of a gene? How does it differ from the traditional
definition? - ANSWER-Modern gene focuses on result of transcription.
Bioinformatics - ANSWER-Computer technologies, specifically developed software,
and statistical techniques can be used to study biological information, particularly
databases that contain much genomic and proteomic information.
Can find significant patterns in the raw data of DNA sequences.
The study of the structure, function, and interactions of cellular proteins.
each cell produces hundreds of different proteins that can vary between or within
cells depending on conditions. - ANSWER-Proteomics
What is the unifying theory of biology? - ANSWER-Evolution
What is biological evolution? - ANSWER-The change in the properties of populations
of organisms over the course of generations.
, What are the two core principles of evolution? - ANSWER-
Can an individual organism evolve? - ANSWER-Individuals do not evolve.
What is the smallest grouping of organisms that can evolve? - ANSWER-
Populations, which are groups of interbreeding individuals.
What scientist is considered the "father of evolutionary biology"? - ANSWER-Charles
Darwin
What was the name of his publication where he out forth his theory of evolution? -
ANSWER-On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
What is the name of the group of islands where he completed many of his studies
that led to his formation of this theory? - ANSWER-Galapagos Islands
Naturally occurring bacterial enzymes that cut DNA in specific places. - ANSWER-
Restriction Enzyme
Circular, double-stranded bacterial DNA that is found outside of the bacterial
chromosome. - ANSWER-Plasmid
What roles do restriction enzymes and plasmids have in the process of making
transgenic bacteria? - ANSWER-Restriction enzyme - cleaves DNA.
Plasmid - places the gene of interest into host cell.
What type of organism naturally makes restriction enzymes and why? - ANSWER-
Bacteria. To cut up invading virus DNA.
Can transgenic bacteria be used to make human proteins? - ANSWER-Yes.
What types of genes are added to most genetically modified plants in current
agriculture use? - genes for two specific functions. - ANSWER-Genes for insect or
pesticide resistance for farmer convenience.
To make an exact genetic copy of; can be a single gene or an entire organism. -
ANSWER-Clone
Cloning intended to produce adult mammals. - ANSWER-Reproductive cloning
The most common method in which a somatic cell is fused with an enucleated egg. -
ANSWER-Somatic cell nuclear transfer
What are three examples of cloning procedures? - ANSWER-1. transgenic bacteria -
cloning human genes,
2. Dolly the sheep - somatic cell nuclear transfer,
3. Plant cuttings - replanted to grow into new organism.
