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Modern definition of epidemiology - ANSWER The study of the distribution and determinant of
health related states or events in specified populations and the application of this knowledge to
the control of health problems
Study means - ANSWER using a systematic process using the scientific approach
Distribution - ANSWER (descriptive) means the frequency and the pattern of health related
states and events
Determinants - ANSWER Determinants(analytical) refers to all the things that influence health
Health related states and events means - ANSWER all health related states and events even
healthy states and restoration of health when disease is present
Specified population means - ANSWER the populations we are interested in, not the individual
Control of health problems means - ANSWER we want to prevent illness and promote wellness
5 W of epidemiology: - ANSWER What is the health related state such as the disease
Who describes the person that are affected by the health event
Where is the place that it occured
When is the time
Why is all about the cause
, Descriptive - ANSWER looks at the frequency(how many) and the pattern( who, where, when)
person place and time
Analytic - ANSWER looks at the cause, what can we learn about causeul relationships.
Determinants and the causal factors looking at the how and why.
Age of pestilence and famine - ANSWER where mortality was high and life expectancy was 20-
40 years
Age of receding pandemics - ANSWER where the mortality started to decline and life expectancy
was 30-50 years
because we starting to control infectious diseases
Age of degenerative and man-made disease - ANSWER where mortality was low and life
expectancy was greater than 50 years
because we control chronic diseases better
CDC mission - ANSWER Is to protect the health, safety, and security threats of the country from
both foreign and in the U.S. in order to increase the health security of the nation.
Biostatics - ANSWER Is the use of statistics of biological phenomenon. Enables us to test a
hypothesis to determine whether there are associations between exposure and outcomes and
differences between groups
efficacy - ANSWER outcome of the intervention being studied only in the people who participate
in the program