ORELA Civil Rights Exam
2025Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - ✔✔SEGREGATION decision that declared state
laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896),
the separate but equal ruling.
14th Amendment - US Constitution - ✔✔CITIZENS All citizens have the right to equal
protection of the law in all states. Declared that all persons born in the US were citizens,
that all citizens were entitled to equal rights and their rights were protected by due
process.
15th Amendment - US Constitution - ✔✔VOTE The right of citizens of the United States
to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account
of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Civil Rights Act (1964) - ✔✔Prohibited discrimination against racial, ethnic, national
and religious minorities, and women. Ended unequal application of voter registration
requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that
served the general public (known as "public accommodations").
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971) - ✔✔BUSING Bused anti-
segregation ruling. Busing was an appropriate remedy for the problem of racial
imbalance in schools, even when the imbalance resulted from the selection of students
based on geographic proximity to the school rather than from deliberate assignment
based on race.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Section 504 - Rehabilitation Act (1973) - ✔✔Prohibits discrimination based on disability
against students or employees. Reasonable accommodations must be made available to
ensure full participation.
Title VI (1964) - ✔✔Prohibits discrimination against students on the basis of race, color
or national origin; may not be denied an education. States are mandated to help
students overcome language barriers.
Title IX - (1972) - ✔✔Prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex against any student or
employee. Applies particularly to sexual harassment, equal opportunity in athletics,
discrimination based on pregnancy
Title I - ADA (1990) - ✔✔Prohibits discrimination in all aspects of employment against
disabled; allows questions about one's ability to perform a job, but prohibits inquiries as
to whether a person has a disability.
Title II - ADA (1990) - ✔✔Prohibits discrimination of persons w/disabilities to
participate in or benefit from services, programs, activities of public entities. Duty to
provide accessibility structural, communication, transportation.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1990) - ✔✔Persons who have a
physical or mental impairment that substantially affects one or more major life
activities. Governs how states/public agencies provide early intervention, special
education, and related services to children with disabilities from birth to 21 years of age.
Basic facts of the IDEA:
-Based on anti-discrimination principles
-Imposes extensive affirmative obligations on public schools.
-Parents do not have to request that a school district identify and evaluate a student
with a disability. It is the school district's responsibility to find these students.
The Principles of IDEA. Zero Reject
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
2025Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - ✔✔SEGREGATION decision that declared state
laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896),
the separate but equal ruling.
14th Amendment - US Constitution - ✔✔CITIZENS All citizens have the right to equal
protection of the law in all states. Declared that all persons born in the US were citizens,
that all citizens were entitled to equal rights and their rights were protected by due
process.
15th Amendment - US Constitution - ✔✔VOTE The right of citizens of the United States
to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account
of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Civil Rights Act (1964) - ✔✔Prohibited discrimination against racial, ethnic, national
and religious minorities, and women. Ended unequal application of voter registration
requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that
served the general public (known as "public accommodations").
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971) - ✔✔BUSING Bused anti-
segregation ruling. Busing was an appropriate remedy for the problem of racial
imbalance in schools, even when the imbalance resulted from the selection of students
based on geographic proximity to the school rather than from deliberate assignment
based on race.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Section 504 - Rehabilitation Act (1973) - ✔✔Prohibits discrimination based on disability
against students or employees. Reasonable accommodations must be made available to
ensure full participation.
Title VI (1964) - ✔✔Prohibits discrimination against students on the basis of race, color
or national origin; may not be denied an education. States are mandated to help
students overcome language barriers.
Title IX - (1972) - ✔✔Prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex against any student or
employee. Applies particularly to sexual harassment, equal opportunity in athletics,
discrimination based on pregnancy
Title I - ADA (1990) - ✔✔Prohibits discrimination in all aspects of employment against
disabled; allows questions about one's ability to perform a job, but prohibits inquiries as
to whether a person has a disability.
Title II - ADA (1990) - ✔✔Prohibits discrimination of persons w/disabilities to
participate in or benefit from services, programs, activities of public entities. Duty to
provide accessibility structural, communication, transportation.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1990) - ✔✔Persons who have a
physical or mental impairment that substantially affects one or more major life
activities. Governs how states/public agencies provide early intervention, special
education, and related services to children with disabilities from birth to 21 years of age.
Basic facts of the IDEA:
-Based on anti-discrimination principles
-Imposes extensive affirmative obligations on public schools.
-Parents do not have to request that a school district identify and evaluate a student
with a disability. It is the school district's responsibility to find these students.
The Principles of IDEA. Zero Reject
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
