FISCAL LAW FINAL PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
Fiscal Law - ✔✔*The body of law governing the availability and use of Federal funds
*Derived from many sources to include the Constitution, legislative appropriations and
authorization acts, and Judicial court rulings and Comptroller General decisions
(Authoritative guidance)
✔✔Military Personnel (MILPERS) - ✔✔1 Year Current
5 Years Expired
Canceled
✔✔Expired Appropriations - ✔✔Obligations over $4 million must be approved by the
USD (Comptroller) or higher authority
✔✔Appropriation Types - ✔✔no-year appropriations
current, expired or canceled
✔✔Accountable officials - ✔✔*all personnel who are responsible for or have custody of
government funds
*Certifying Officers, Disbursing Officers, Contracting Officers, receiving officials,
personnel officers, supervisors, and many others
*accountable officials are designated in writing and are notified of their pecuniary liability
✔✔Defense Financial Management Regulation (DoD FMR) - ✔✔States accountable
officials are all personnel who are responsible for or have custody of government funds.
✔✔The framework for appropriation analysis starts with the five "W"s of funding Military
Operations - ✔✔Who x 2, What, When, Where, and Why
✔✔Most fiscal issues concerning the funding of "operations" will follow the traditional
analysis: - ✔✔purpose, time, and amount analysis
✔✔The Antideficiency Act (ADA) - ✔✔Prohibits expenditure or obligation exceeding an
appropriation or fund, or an apportionment or allocation; obligating the Government
before an appropriation is made unless authorized by law; accepting voluntary services
except in emergencies involving human life and property or specific statutory authority;
and augmenting from other sources
✔✔The Antideficiency Act (ADA) 4 provisions - ✔✔*Make or authorize an expenditure
or obligation that exceeds an appropriation or an apportionment
*Make or authorize an expenditure or obligation in advance of an appropriation, unless
authorized by law
, *Accept voluntary services or employ personal services exceeding those authorized by
law, except to save human life or prevent property damage
*Make or authorize an expenditure or obligation that exceeds an apportionment or
reapportionment, or in excess of the amount specified in a formal subdivision of funds in
accordance with agency regulations
✔✔The Antideficiency Act (ADA) is a series of Title 31 statutes that contain provisions
limiting expenditure of appropriated funds. All of the following statements about ADA are
correct - ✔✔A. Decrees agencies must prescribe administrative control of funds
B. Prohibits expenditure or obligation exceeding an appropriation
D. Provides the means for reporting ADA violations
✔✔interagency acquisition - ✔✔procedure by which an agency needing supplies or
services (the requesting agency) obtains them through another Federal Government
agency (the servicing agency)
✔✔interagency acquisition types - ✔✔1. Direct Acquisitions: the requesting agency
places an order directly against a servicing agency's contract
2. Assisted Acquisitions: the servicing agency and requesting agency enter into an
interagency agreement pursuant to which the servicing agency performs acquisition
activities on behalf of the requesting agency, such as awarding a contract or issuing a
task or delivery order, to satisfy the requirements of the requesting agency
✔✔Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) - ✔✔Interagency Agreement - understanding -
no quid pro quo
✔✔Memoranda of Agreement (MOA) - ✔✔Interagency Agreement - conditional
agreement quid pro quo
✔✔Interservice Support Agreement (ISSA) - ✔✔Interagency Agreement - establish
what material or services one government agency has agreed to provide another
government agency
✔✔Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request (MIPR) - ✔✔Interagency Agreement -
allow military agencies to obligate funds to Federal agencies for purchasing products
and services
MIPRs are considered commitments until validly obligated [Para. 080203F]
✔✔interagency acquisition general authority - ✔✔Economy Act (31 U.S.C., Sections
1535 and 1536); however, there are other non-Economy Act authorities, including
Revolving Funds, Government Employees Training Fund, DoD Interchange of Supplies
and Services, and Foreign Assistance Support
ANSWERS GRADED A+
Fiscal Law - ✔✔*The body of law governing the availability and use of Federal funds
*Derived from many sources to include the Constitution, legislative appropriations and
authorization acts, and Judicial court rulings and Comptroller General decisions
(Authoritative guidance)
✔✔Military Personnel (MILPERS) - ✔✔1 Year Current
5 Years Expired
Canceled
✔✔Expired Appropriations - ✔✔Obligations over $4 million must be approved by the
USD (Comptroller) or higher authority
✔✔Appropriation Types - ✔✔no-year appropriations
current, expired or canceled
✔✔Accountable officials - ✔✔*all personnel who are responsible for or have custody of
government funds
*Certifying Officers, Disbursing Officers, Contracting Officers, receiving officials,
personnel officers, supervisors, and many others
*accountable officials are designated in writing and are notified of their pecuniary liability
✔✔Defense Financial Management Regulation (DoD FMR) - ✔✔States accountable
officials are all personnel who are responsible for or have custody of government funds.
✔✔The framework for appropriation analysis starts with the five "W"s of funding Military
Operations - ✔✔Who x 2, What, When, Where, and Why
✔✔Most fiscal issues concerning the funding of "operations" will follow the traditional
analysis: - ✔✔purpose, time, and amount analysis
✔✔The Antideficiency Act (ADA) - ✔✔Prohibits expenditure or obligation exceeding an
appropriation or fund, or an apportionment or allocation; obligating the Government
before an appropriation is made unless authorized by law; accepting voluntary services
except in emergencies involving human life and property or specific statutory authority;
and augmenting from other sources
✔✔The Antideficiency Act (ADA) 4 provisions - ✔✔*Make or authorize an expenditure
or obligation that exceeds an appropriation or an apportionment
*Make or authorize an expenditure or obligation in advance of an appropriation, unless
authorized by law
, *Accept voluntary services or employ personal services exceeding those authorized by
law, except to save human life or prevent property damage
*Make or authorize an expenditure or obligation that exceeds an apportionment or
reapportionment, or in excess of the amount specified in a formal subdivision of funds in
accordance with agency regulations
✔✔The Antideficiency Act (ADA) is a series of Title 31 statutes that contain provisions
limiting expenditure of appropriated funds. All of the following statements about ADA are
correct - ✔✔A. Decrees agencies must prescribe administrative control of funds
B. Prohibits expenditure or obligation exceeding an appropriation
D. Provides the means for reporting ADA violations
✔✔interagency acquisition - ✔✔procedure by which an agency needing supplies or
services (the requesting agency) obtains them through another Federal Government
agency (the servicing agency)
✔✔interagency acquisition types - ✔✔1. Direct Acquisitions: the requesting agency
places an order directly against a servicing agency's contract
2. Assisted Acquisitions: the servicing agency and requesting agency enter into an
interagency agreement pursuant to which the servicing agency performs acquisition
activities on behalf of the requesting agency, such as awarding a contract or issuing a
task or delivery order, to satisfy the requirements of the requesting agency
✔✔Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) - ✔✔Interagency Agreement - understanding -
no quid pro quo
✔✔Memoranda of Agreement (MOA) - ✔✔Interagency Agreement - conditional
agreement quid pro quo
✔✔Interservice Support Agreement (ISSA) - ✔✔Interagency Agreement - establish
what material or services one government agency has agreed to provide another
government agency
✔✔Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request (MIPR) - ✔✔Interagency Agreement -
allow military agencies to obligate funds to Federal agencies for purchasing products
and services
MIPRs are considered commitments until validly obligated [Para. 080203F]
✔✔interagency acquisition general authority - ✔✔Economy Act (31 U.S.C., Sections
1535 and 1536); however, there are other non-Economy Act authorities, including
Revolving Funds, Government Employees Training Fund, DoD Interchange of Supplies
and Services, and Foreign Assistance Support
