ASB 222 EXAM SCRIPT 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Clay Tokens - ✔✔Small geometric shapes of clay, some bearing impressed
symbols, dating back to as much as 10,000 years ago in the Middle East that appear to
represent an early system of record keeping.
✔✔Envelope - ✔✔Name given to clay containers used to store clay tokens in the Middle
East beginning 5500 years ago. The clay tokens were of various shapes and used as
an information storage system.
✔✔Cuneiform - ✔✔Early form of written records in Mesopotamia, involving the
impression of standardized symbols on wet clay.
✔✔Amratian/ Negada I - ✔✔Represents the time period between 5750 and 5650 years
ago in Upper Egypt (the southern part of Egyptian realm)
✔✔Omari A - ✔✔Time period in predynastic Egypt. The time period between 5750 and
5650 years ago in Lower Egypt (the northern part of the Egyptian realm).
✔✔Late Gerzean - ✔✔Time period in predynastic Egypt. The Late Gerzean (Nagada II)
represents the time period between 5400 and 5300 years ago in Upper Egypt (the
southern part of the Egyptian realm).
✔✔Maadian - ✔✔Time period in predynastic Egypt. The Late Gerzean (Maadian)
represents the time period between 5400 and 5300 years ago in Lower Egypt (the
northern part of the Egyptian realm).
✔✔Negada II - ✔✔Time period in predynastic Egypt. The Early Gerzean/ Nevada II
represents the mite period between 5650 and 5300 years ago in Upper Egypt (the
southern part of the Egyptian realm).
✔✔Negada III - ✔✔Time period in predynastic Egypt. The Nagada III represents the
time period between 5300 and 5100 years ago in both Upper (southern) and Lower
(northern) Egypt.
✔✔Mastaba - ✔✔Mud-brick structures built over tombs of a developing elite in Egypt
before the pharaohs.
✔✔Hieroglyphic - ✔✔A writing system in which pictorial symbols are used to convey a
particular sound, object, or idea, or some combination of these three things.
, ✔✔Rosetta Stone - ✔✔Discovered in 1799, the Rosetta Stone bore the same message
in three scripts: Greek and two versions of the written language of ancient Egypt,
demotic and hieroglyphic.
✔✔Nubia - ✔✔The territory south of the ancient Egyptian natio; primarily between the
first and sixth cataract of the Nile, from southern Egypt to Sudan.
✔✔Kush - ✔✔The Egyptian name for the land south of their territory.
✔✔Deffufa - ✔✔Monumental mud-brick towers built by the inhabitants of ancient Nubian
civilization of Kerma.
✔✔Tumuli (sing., Tumulus) - ✔✔An artificial pile of earth, often placed over an
individual's grave
✔✔Dagga - ✔✔A high-quality, clay-based building material used in Southern Africa.
Dagga construction is commonly found in the homes of the people of Great Zimbabwe.
✔✔New Palace Period - ✔✔Culture period defined for Minoan Crete dating from 36509
to 3420 BP. Knossos, but marks a florescence of Minoan culture.
✔✔Cylinder Seal - ✔✔Mesopotamian system of impressing symbolic notation onto wet
clay by using a marked cylinder.
✔✔Lung-Shan - ✔✔Chinese culture that followed the Neolithic Yang-shao. Dates to
5000 BP.
✔✔Hang-T'u - ✔✔Chinese term for stamped or pounded and compacted earth used to
make structures.
✔✔Scapulimancy - ✔✔A process of divining the future in which the scapulae (shoulder
blades) of animals are burned and the pattern of burning and breakage is read by a
diviner.
✔✔Shang Dynasty - ✔✔The first Chinese urban civilization. Beginning in 2400 BP, a
series of 12 kings or emperors ruled the Shang.
✔✔Diffusionism - ✔✔A school of European anthropology and cultural geography,
predominantly in the nineteenth century, that cultures changed primarily by borrowing
ideas that moved across or "diffused" across landscapes.
✔✔Maya - ✔✔A civilization centered in Guatemala, Belize, Hondurans, and eastern
Mexico, especially the Yucatan Peninsula, the Maya was one of the most spectacular
ancient civilizations in the world.
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Clay Tokens - ✔✔Small geometric shapes of clay, some bearing impressed
symbols, dating back to as much as 10,000 years ago in the Middle East that appear to
represent an early system of record keeping.
✔✔Envelope - ✔✔Name given to clay containers used to store clay tokens in the Middle
East beginning 5500 years ago. The clay tokens were of various shapes and used as
an information storage system.
✔✔Cuneiform - ✔✔Early form of written records in Mesopotamia, involving the
impression of standardized symbols on wet clay.
✔✔Amratian/ Negada I - ✔✔Represents the time period between 5750 and 5650 years
ago in Upper Egypt (the southern part of Egyptian realm)
✔✔Omari A - ✔✔Time period in predynastic Egypt. The time period between 5750 and
5650 years ago in Lower Egypt (the northern part of the Egyptian realm).
✔✔Late Gerzean - ✔✔Time period in predynastic Egypt. The Late Gerzean (Nagada II)
represents the time period between 5400 and 5300 years ago in Upper Egypt (the
southern part of the Egyptian realm).
✔✔Maadian - ✔✔Time period in predynastic Egypt. The Late Gerzean (Maadian)
represents the time period between 5400 and 5300 years ago in Lower Egypt (the
northern part of the Egyptian realm).
✔✔Negada II - ✔✔Time period in predynastic Egypt. The Early Gerzean/ Nevada II
represents the mite period between 5650 and 5300 years ago in Upper Egypt (the
southern part of the Egyptian realm).
✔✔Negada III - ✔✔Time period in predynastic Egypt. The Nagada III represents the
time period between 5300 and 5100 years ago in both Upper (southern) and Lower
(northern) Egypt.
✔✔Mastaba - ✔✔Mud-brick structures built over tombs of a developing elite in Egypt
before the pharaohs.
✔✔Hieroglyphic - ✔✔A writing system in which pictorial symbols are used to convey a
particular sound, object, or idea, or some combination of these three things.
, ✔✔Rosetta Stone - ✔✔Discovered in 1799, the Rosetta Stone bore the same message
in three scripts: Greek and two versions of the written language of ancient Egypt,
demotic and hieroglyphic.
✔✔Nubia - ✔✔The territory south of the ancient Egyptian natio; primarily between the
first and sixth cataract of the Nile, from southern Egypt to Sudan.
✔✔Kush - ✔✔The Egyptian name for the land south of their territory.
✔✔Deffufa - ✔✔Monumental mud-brick towers built by the inhabitants of ancient Nubian
civilization of Kerma.
✔✔Tumuli (sing., Tumulus) - ✔✔An artificial pile of earth, often placed over an
individual's grave
✔✔Dagga - ✔✔A high-quality, clay-based building material used in Southern Africa.
Dagga construction is commonly found in the homes of the people of Great Zimbabwe.
✔✔New Palace Period - ✔✔Culture period defined for Minoan Crete dating from 36509
to 3420 BP. Knossos, but marks a florescence of Minoan culture.
✔✔Cylinder Seal - ✔✔Mesopotamian system of impressing symbolic notation onto wet
clay by using a marked cylinder.
✔✔Lung-Shan - ✔✔Chinese culture that followed the Neolithic Yang-shao. Dates to
5000 BP.
✔✔Hang-T'u - ✔✔Chinese term for stamped or pounded and compacted earth used to
make structures.
✔✔Scapulimancy - ✔✔A process of divining the future in which the scapulae (shoulder
blades) of animals are burned and the pattern of burning and breakage is read by a
diviner.
✔✔Shang Dynasty - ✔✔The first Chinese urban civilization. Beginning in 2400 BP, a
series of 12 kings or emperors ruled the Shang.
✔✔Diffusionism - ✔✔A school of European anthropology and cultural geography,
predominantly in the nineteenth century, that cultures changed primarily by borrowing
ideas that moved across or "diffused" across landscapes.
✔✔Maya - ✔✔A civilization centered in Guatemala, Belize, Hondurans, and eastern
Mexico, especially the Yucatan Peninsula, the Maya was one of the most spectacular
ancient civilizations in the world.
