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BIO 172 Exam 4| 307 questions with verified answers

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BIO 172 Exam 4| 307 questions with verified answers

Institution
BIO 172
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BIO 172











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Institution
BIO 172
Course
BIO 172

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April 14, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
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Exam (elaborations)
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BIO 172 Exam 4 with verified
answers

Which of the following does NOT describe a potential way for activating an
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




oncogene? - correct answer ✔Deletion of the entire gene |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Telomerase is .... - correct answer ✔a proto-oncogene; it is more active in |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




cancer cells than in normal cells
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Which of the following would not lead to a cell becoming cancerous? - correct
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




answer ✔An antibody that binds to a receptor and prevents the receptor from
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




binding to a growth signaling molecule.
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Which of the following will lead to the fastest growing tumors? - correct answer
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔less apoptosis and more cell division
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Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of malignant cancer? - correct answer
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✔Cell division in the absence of growth signals.
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Metastasis, which allows invasion of local tissues. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Ability to stimulate growth of blood vessels to provide nutrients to the rapidly
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




growing tumor. ||||||




Resistance to signals that slow cell division or promote cell death.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

,All of these choices are hallmarks of cancer.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Defects in cell signaling can lead to a cancerous cell as a result of: - correct
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




answer ✔a defective signal transduction protein that stays in the activated
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




state and triggers cell division continuously.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




overproduction of signals that trigger cell division. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




overproduction of a receptor that triggers cell division. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




a defective receptor that stays in the activated state and triggers cell division
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




continuously.


All of these choices are correct.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




The protein RB is a tumor suppressor. What type of mutation in RB will
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




promote tumor growth? - correct answer ✔a mutation which prevents RB from |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




binding to the transcription factors DP and E2F |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Ras is a G protein involved in many growth signaling pathways. Which of the
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




following mutations in Ras signaling could lead to a cancer phenotype? - correct |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




answer ✔Ras is unable to convert bound GTP to GDP.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Many growth factors signal through the receptor-tyrosine kinases. What type of
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




mutation in a receptor tyrosine kinase will promote tumor growth? - correct
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




answer ✔Protein over-expression |||||| ||||||




Which of the following is NOT a function performed by tumor suppressor
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




genes? - correct answer ✔Inhibiting apoptosis |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

,To promote cancer, proto-oncogenes must be turned ________ and tumor
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




suppressors must be turned ______. - correct answer ✔on; off |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Tumor suppressors oppose oncogenes by: - correct answer ✔repairing
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




mutations.
instructing defective cells to die. |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




blocking the action of an oncogene. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




slowing cell division. |||||| ||||||




All of these choices are correct.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




In a particular cell line, you find that the activity level of transcription factor A is
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




increased. What might cause this? - correct answer ✔Chromosomal
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




rearrangement
Gene amplification ||||||




Point mutation ||||||




All choices may cause an increase in the activity of the protein.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Many growth factors signal via the receptor tyrosine kinase/Ras signaling
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




pathway. Which mutation will NOT promote tumorigenesis? - correct answer |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔deletion of the kinase domain of the receptor |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Apoptosis would most likely be initiated - correct answer ✔by a tumor |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




suppressor gene. ||||||

, Why is it rare for a point mutation to convert a proto-oncogene into an
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




oncogene? - correct answer ✔It is unusual for one amino acid change to cause a |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




protein to be more active.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Which of the following does NOT promote uncontrolled cell growth (i.e. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




cancer)? - correct answer ✔A mutant cyclin that cannot bind its normal CDK |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




binding partner ||||||




Why is it unlikely that a single mutation would lead to a tumor? - correct
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




answer ✔Cells have numerous checkpoints that prevent cancerous cells from |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




entering or completing the cell cycle. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




If RB were mutated such that it could no longer be phosphorylated and
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




inactivated by cyclin/CDK, what is the most likely outcome? - correct answer |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔The cell would never enter S phase. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




In animals, homeotic genes: - correct answer ✔encode transcription factors.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




are found in a wide variety of animals from fruit flies to vertebrates.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




specify the identities of individual body parts or segments during development. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




are controlled by genes expressed earlier in development
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




All of these choices are correct
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




The muscle cells and nerve cells in a mouse look very different and serve very
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




different functions in the mouse's body. These differences are because the |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




muscle cells and nerve cells in the mouse: - correct answer ✔express different |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




genes.

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