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Bio 172 Midterm 1 with verified answers

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Bio 172 Midterm 1 with verified answers

Institution
BIO 172
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BIO 172










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Institution
BIO 172
Course
BIO 172

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Uploaded on
April 14, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
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Exam (elaborations)
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Bio 172 Midterm 1
with verified answers
What are the levels of biological organization from biggest to smallest? - correct
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answer ✔Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




organ/organ system, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What are the two major themes of biology? - correct answer ✔The diversity of
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life and the unity of life.
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Explain the unity of life. - correct answer ✔Different living organisms have
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common properties and many similarities are even seen at the cellular and |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




molecular levels. |||||| ||||||




--order, the ability to utilize energy, regulation, homeostasis, their ability to
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respond to changes in the environment, reproduction, evolution/adaptation,
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growth/development


What two conditions must be met for natural selection to occur in a
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population? - correct answer ✔1. individuals in the population must differ from |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




one another for some heritable traits
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2. individuals with certain heritable traits must survive and/or reproduce better
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than individuals with other traits |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

,Evolution accounts for... - correct answer ✔Evolution accounts for both the
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unity and diversity of life (descent with modification from a common ancestor)
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How can we know if 2 organisms are related? - correct answer ✔our ability to
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accurately estimate relatedness using macroscopic observations is poor- the|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




best way is to use molecular comparisons of molecules that ALL living
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organisms have-DNA ||||||




What is the Central Dogma of biology? - correct answer ✔Its the pathway from
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DNA to RNA (mRNA) to protein through transcription and translation
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Describe transcription - correct answer ✔The synthesis of RNA from a DNA
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




template


Describe translation - correct answer ✔the conversion from RNA to protein
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




where does translation take place? - correct answer ✔ribosomes (composed of
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




rRNA and proteins)
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What kind of genes are used when making phylogenetic trees? - correct answer
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔rRNA genes can be used to produce a phylogenetic tree showing evolutionary
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




relationships


What are the 3 domains of life in the "Universal" Tree of Life? - correct answer
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryea (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

, Many archaea are extremophiles, what are some of them and in what
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




conditions do they thrive in? - correct answer ✔Thermophiles- thrive in 90C and |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




up
||||||




Halophiles- happy in high salt environment |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




acidophiles- thrive in pH<2 |||||| |||||| ||||||




others like cold temperatures and alkaline pH, etc |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




The ---------- is the lowest level in the hierarchy of biological organization that
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




can perform -------- of the activities required for life. - correct answer ✔cell; all
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What are all of the life processes? - correct answer ✔acquire energy from
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




surroundings, respond to their environment, regulation (homeostasis), the |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




ability to grow, reproduce, and evolve |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is the first part of the cell theory? - correct answer ✔Cells are the
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




structural unit of life- all organisms are composed of cells |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




(can be unicellular bacteria, archaea, eukaryea or multicellular eukaryea)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is the second part of the cell theory? - correct answer ✔Cells are the
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




functional unit of life |||||| |||||| ||||||




- cells are the smallest entities that have all the properties of life
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-each cell is (or can generate) an entire organism
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




what is the third part of the cell theory? - correct answer ✔all cells are
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




fundamentally similar ||||||




-similar structure and organization |||||| |||||| ||||||




-similar metabolic strategies |||||| ||||||

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