FROM PREP TO PERFECTION! YOUR NUR 507 FINAL EXAM A+
BLUEPRINT.
What is a stereotype?
*Think of as a stop sign, a conclusion; a conscious decision not to get more information,
but to act on what one thinks or feels
*Over simplified conception, opinion, or belief about some aspect of an individual or
group of people
What is a generalization?
*Think of as a green light to go and get more information about a person to make sure
you are treating them as they want to be treated
*Rules and/or patterns that groups adopt about other groups
What does generalization look like as a tool?
1. Impression management begins with self-awareness
2. Probe to find out if individual you are engaging with fits cultural pattern
3. Adopting a generalization should be the springboard from which you determine the
extent to which an individual adheres to certain cultural characteristics
What are the 3 categories that the 15 CLAS standards are divided into? (2000)
1. Culturally competent care
2. Language access services
3. Organizational supports
Why were the CLAS standards developed? Are they mandatory?
Developed by federal government, designed to replace the patchwork of definitions and
requirements used in health care around issues of culture; NOT mandatory (not a legal
requirement)
What is the CLAS principal standard (#1)?
Provide equitable, understandable, and respectful quality care and services responsive
to diverse cultural health beliefs and practices, preferred languages, health literacy, and
other communication needs
What is the CLAS Standards Structure? (Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate
Standards for Health Care Delivery)
,-Principal Standard (#1): Provide equitable, understandable, and respectful quality care
and services response to diverse cultural health beliefs and practices, preferred
languages, health literacy and other comm. needs
-Governance, Leadership, and Workforce (#2-4)
-Communication and Language Assistance (#5-8)
-Engagement, Continuous Improvement, and Accountability (#9-15)
USDHHS Surgeon General Report: Mental Health: Culture, Race, Ethnicity (2002)
*First ever Surgeon General Report on mental health* - how do mental health
disparities affect racial and ethnic minorities?
Findings:
1. Mental illness is a disabling condition affecting all populations regardless of race or
ethnicity
2. Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to have less access and receive poorer
quality services, and be underrepresented in research
3. These disparities result in minorities being overrepresented among the most
vulnerable pops.
4. Culture and society play pivotal roles in how mental health services are perceived
and received
IOM: Unequeal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health
Care (2003)
1. Determine the presence and extent of racial/ethnic disparities that could not be
attributed to access
2. Evaluate potential sources of disparities including the role of bias, discrimination, and
stereotyping at the individual, institutional, and health systems level
3. Provide recommendations regarding interventions to eliminate racial/ethnic disparities
Sullivan Commission on Diversity in the Health Care Workforce: Missing Persons:
Minorities in Health Professions (2004)
*Implications of not having diverse healthcare workforce*
Key Recommendations:
1. Diversity if a key to excellence in health care
2. Leadership commitment and accountability essential for success
, 3. 3 overarching principles were developed to drive increased diversification in US
healthcare workforce
*Schools increase diversity of leadership
*New and non-traditional paths to health professions
*Commitment at highest levels of universities and colleges is essential
TJC: Hospitals, Language & Culture: A Snapshot of the Nation (2007)
Findings:
1. Challenging to accomplish goal of culturally and linguistically competent care
2. Difficult to find staff with the desired cultural and linguistic competence
3. Managing and satisfying a culturally diverse staff is challenging
4. Financially stressful to provide culturally competent care and maintain an engaged
and dedicated culturally competent workforce
TJC: Roadmap for Hospitals (2010 - Updated 2014)
Advancing Effective Communication, Cultural Competence, and Patient and Family-
Centered Care
TJC: Field Guide (2011 - Updated 2014)
Advancing Effective Communication, Cultural Competence, and Patient and Family-
Centered Care for the LGBT Community (A Field Guide)
HRC: Working for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Equal Rights (2016)
(Healthcare Equality Index)
National LGBT benchmarking tool evaluating facility policies and practices related to
equity and inclusion for LGBT patients, visitors, and employees. (2060 healthcare
facilities nationwide)
What are/is ethics?
-Branch of philosophy
-Derived from Greek term, ethos, which means customs, habitual usage, conduct, and
character
-Reflects the "should" of human behavior
What is/are bioethics?
Application of ethical theory and practice to health care
What are morals?
BLUEPRINT.
What is a stereotype?
*Think of as a stop sign, a conclusion; a conscious decision not to get more information,
but to act on what one thinks or feels
*Over simplified conception, opinion, or belief about some aspect of an individual or
group of people
What is a generalization?
*Think of as a green light to go and get more information about a person to make sure
you are treating them as they want to be treated
*Rules and/or patterns that groups adopt about other groups
What does generalization look like as a tool?
1. Impression management begins with self-awareness
2. Probe to find out if individual you are engaging with fits cultural pattern
3. Adopting a generalization should be the springboard from which you determine the
extent to which an individual adheres to certain cultural characteristics
What are the 3 categories that the 15 CLAS standards are divided into? (2000)
1. Culturally competent care
2. Language access services
3. Organizational supports
Why were the CLAS standards developed? Are they mandatory?
Developed by federal government, designed to replace the patchwork of definitions and
requirements used in health care around issues of culture; NOT mandatory (not a legal
requirement)
What is the CLAS principal standard (#1)?
Provide equitable, understandable, and respectful quality care and services responsive
to diverse cultural health beliefs and practices, preferred languages, health literacy, and
other communication needs
What is the CLAS Standards Structure? (Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate
Standards for Health Care Delivery)
,-Principal Standard (#1): Provide equitable, understandable, and respectful quality care
and services response to diverse cultural health beliefs and practices, preferred
languages, health literacy and other comm. needs
-Governance, Leadership, and Workforce (#2-4)
-Communication and Language Assistance (#5-8)
-Engagement, Continuous Improvement, and Accountability (#9-15)
USDHHS Surgeon General Report: Mental Health: Culture, Race, Ethnicity (2002)
*First ever Surgeon General Report on mental health* - how do mental health
disparities affect racial and ethnic minorities?
Findings:
1. Mental illness is a disabling condition affecting all populations regardless of race or
ethnicity
2. Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to have less access and receive poorer
quality services, and be underrepresented in research
3. These disparities result in minorities being overrepresented among the most
vulnerable pops.
4. Culture and society play pivotal roles in how mental health services are perceived
and received
IOM: Unequeal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health
Care (2003)
1. Determine the presence and extent of racial/ethnic disparities that could not be
attributed to access
2. Evaluate potential sources of disparities including the role of bias, discrimination, and
stereotyping at the individual, institutional, and health systems level
3. Provide recommendations regarding interventions to eliminate racial/ethnic disparities
Sullivan Commission on Diversity in the Health Care Workforce: Missing Persons:
Minorities in Health Professions (2004)
*Implications of not having diverse healthcare workforce*
Key Recommendations:
1. Diversity if a key to excellence in health care
2. Leadership commitment and accountability essential for success
, 3. 3 overarching principles were developed to drive increased diversification in US
healthcare workforce
*Schools increase diversity of leadership
*New and non-traditional paths to health professions
*Commitment at highest levels of universities and colleges is essential
TJC: Hospitals, Language & Culture: A Snapshot of the Nation (2007)
Findings:
1. Challenging to accomplish goal of culturally and linguistically competent care
2. Difficult to find staff with the desired cultural and linguistic competence
3. Managing and satisfying a culturally diverse staff is challenging
4. Financially stressful to provide culturally competent care and maintain an engaged
and dedicated culturally competent workforce
TJC: Roadmap for Hospitals (2010 - Updated 2014)
Advancing Effective Communication, Cultural Competence, and Patient and Family-
Centered Care
TJC: Field Guide (2011 - Updated 2014)
Advancing Effective Communication, Cultural Competence, and Patient and Family-
Centered Care for the LGBT Community (A Field Guide)
HRC: Working for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Equal Rights (2016)
(Healthcare Equality Index)
National LGBT benchmarking tool evaluating facility policies and practices related to
equity and inclusion for LGBT patients, visitors, and employees. (2060 healthcare
facilities nationwide)
What are/is ethics?
-Branch of philosophy
-Derived from Greek term, ethos, which means customs, habitual usage, conduct, and
character
-Reflects the "should" of human behavior
What is/are bioethics?
Application of ethical theory and practice to health care
What are morals?
