FROM PREP TO PERFECTION! YOUR NUR 507 EXAM 3 A+
BLUEPRINT.
What general types of bones are included in the skull?
The cranial and facial bones
What are the main cranial bones?
Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal
What are the immeshed unmovable joints that connect the cranial bones called?
Cranial sutures, they will have specific suture names based on the location of the suture
in the skull
What cervical vertebra support the neck?
C1 (the atlas), C2 (the axis) all the way down to C7
When the head is flexed, what helpful landmark can you feel?
The vertebra prominens, it is a long spinous process on C7
How does the brain stay safe and protected within the bony skull?
The brain is held by membranous meninges that suspend and support the brain, they
also act as shock absorbers in the case of trauma
What are palpebral fissures?
The openings between the eyelids
What are nasolabial folds?
The creases extending from the nose to each corner of the mouth
How are facial sensations such as pain and touch mediated?
By the 3 sensory branches of cranial nerve V (the trigeminal nerve)
What cranial nerve determines facial expressions formation?
Cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve)
What are the 3 kinds of salivary glands?
Parotid glands, submandibular glands and sublingual glands
Are the salivary glands usually accessible to examination on the face?
Yes they are
Where are the parotid glands and are they palpable?
They are in the cheeks over the mandible, anterior to and below the ear, they are they
largest of the salivary glands but are not usually palpable
,Where are the submandibular glands?
They are beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw
Where are the sublingual glands?
They lie in the floor of the mouth
Where is the temporal artery pulse palpable?
Anterior to the ear
What are the borders of the neck?
The base of the skull, inferior border of the mandible, the manubrium sterni (top of
sternum), the clavicle, first rib and the first thoracic vertebrae
What is a good way to think about the neck?
As a conduit for the passage of many structures that lie close together such as blood
vessels, muscles, nerves, lymphatics, and viscera of the respiratory and digestive
systems
What are the major neck muscles?
The sternomastoid and trapezius
What nerve innervates the sternomastoid and the trapezius?
Cranial nerve XI (the spinal accessory nerve)
What does the sternomastoid do?
It controls head rotation and flexion
What does the trapezius do?
It moves the shoulders, extends and moves the head
Where is the thyroid gland?
It straddles the trachea in the middle of the neck
What does the thyroid gland do?
It synthesizes and secretes thyroxine (T3) and triiodothyronine (T4) hormones that
stimulate the rate of cellular metabolism
What are the physical features of the thyroid gland?
It has 2 lobes both conical in shape, they each curve posteriorly between the trachea
and the sternomastoid muscle, the lobes are connected by a thin isthmus
What are important landmarks for locating the thyroid gland?
The neck cartilages
, What are the 2 neck cartilages and their general locations?
Thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage sits right above the thyroid
gland and the thyroid cartilage sits just above the cricoid cartilage and it has a distinct V
shape which presents as an Adams apple in men
What are the 10 lymph nodes of the regional lymphatics?
Pre auricular, post auricular, occipital, submandibular, submental, tonsillar
(jugulodigastric), anterior cervical (superficial cervical), posterior cervical, deep cervical
and supraclavicular
Where do all head and neck lymph nodes eventually drain into?
The deep cervical chain (eventually into the right lymphatic duct)
What are some common head, neck and face symptoms?
Head pain, headache, jaw tightness or pain, neck pain or stiffness, neck mass, nasal
congestion, nose bleeds, mouth or dental pain, mouth lesions, sore throats or
hoarsness
What are chronic illnesses that impact facial features?
Stroke, fibroid disorders, malnutrition, fetal exposure during gestation to things like
alcohol etc
What are some common symptoms of the eyes?
Vision changes, eye tearing or dryness, eye drainage and eye appearance changes
What are some common symptoms of ears?
Hearing loss, vertigo (dizziness), tinnitus (ringing in ears), ear drainage (otorrhea) and
earache (otalgia)
What are the different kinds if hearing loss?
Conductive, sensorineural and mixed (both conductive and sensorineural)
What is conductive hearing loss?
Hearing loss caused by interruption of sound passing through the external auditory
cancel and middle ear, it is related to cerumen in ear, otitis media and fixation of
auditory ossicles
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
BLUEPRINT.
What general types of bones are included in the skull?
The cranial and facial bones
What are the main cranial bones?
Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal
What are the immeshed unmovable joints that connect the cranial bones called?
Cranial sutures, they will have specific suture names based on the location of the suture
in the skull
What cervical vertebra support the neck?
C1 (the atlas), C2 (the axis) all the way down to C7
When the head is flexed, what helpful landmark can you feel?
The vertebra prominens, it is a long spinous process on C7
How does the brain stay safe and protected within the bony skull?
The brain is held by membranous meninges that suspend and support the brain, they
also act as shock absorbers in the case of trauma
What are palpebral fissures?
The openings between the eyelids
What are nasolabial folds?
The creases extending from the nose to each corner of the mouth
How are facial sensations such as pain and touch mediated?
By the 3 sensory branches of cranial nerve V (the trigeminal nerve)
What cranial nerve determines facial expressions formation?
Cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve)
What are the 3 kinds of salivary glands?
Parotid glands, submandibular glands and sublingual glands
Are the salivary glands usually accessible to examination on the face?
Yes they are
Where are the parotid glands and are they palpable?
They are in the cheeks over the mandible, anterior to and below the ear, they are they
largest of the salivary glands but are not usually palpable
,Where are the submandibular glands?
They are beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw
Where are the sublingual glands?
They lie in the floor of the mouth
Where is the temporal artery pulse palpable?
Anterior to the ear
What are the borders of the neck?
The base of the skull, inferior border of the mandible, the manubrium sterni (top of
sternum), the clavicle, first rib and the first thoracic vertebrae
What is a good way to think about the neck?
As a conduit for the passage of many structures that lie close together such as blood
vessels, muscles, nerves, lymphatics, and viscera of the respiratory and digestive
systems
What are the major neck muscles?
The sternomastoid and trapezius
What nerve innervates the sternomastoid and the trapezius?
Cranial nerve XI (the spinal accessory nerve)
What does the sternomastoid do?
It controls head rotation and flexion
What does the trapezius do?
It moves the shoulders, extends and moves the head
Where is the thyroid gland?
It straddles the trachea in the middle of the neck
What does the thyroid gland do?
It synthesizes and secretes thyroxine (T3) and triiodothyronine (T4) hormones that
stimulate the rate of cellular metabolism
What are the physical features of the thyroid gland?
It has 2 lobes both conical in shape, they each curve posteriorly between the trachea
and the sternomastoid muscle, the lobes are connected by a thin isthmus
What are important landmarks for locating the thyroid gland?
The neck cartilages
, What are the 2 neck cartilages and their general locations?
Thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage sits right above the thyroid
gland and the thyroid cartilage sits just above the cricoid cartilage and it has a distinct V
shape which presents as an Adams apple in men
What are the 10 lymph nodes of the regional lymphatics?
Pre auricular, post auricular, occipital, submandibular, submental, tonsillar
(jugulodigastric), anterior cervical (superficial cervical), posterior cervical, deep cervical
and supraclavicular
Where do all head and neck lymph nodes eventually drain into?
The deep cervical chain (eventually into the right lymphatic duct)
What are some common head, neck and face symptoms?
Head pain, headache, jaw tightness or pain, neck pain or stiffness, neck mass, nasal
congestion, nose bleeds, mouth or dental pain, mouth lesions, sore throats or
hoarsness
What are chronic illnesses that impact facial features?
Stroke, fibroid disorders, malnutrition, fetal exposure during gestation to things like
alcohol etc
What are some common symptoms of the eyes?
Vision changes, eye tearing or dryness, eye drainage and eye appearance changes
What are some common symptoms of ears?
Hearing loss, vertigo (dizziness), tinnitus (ringing in ears), ear drainage (otorrhea) and
earache (otalgia)
What are the different kinds if hearing loss?
Conductive, sensorineural and mixed (both conductive and sensorineural)
What is conductive hearing loss?
Hearing loss caused by interruption of sound passing through the external auditory
cancel and middle ear, it is related to cerumen in ear, otitis media and fixation of
auditory ossicles
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
