FROM PREP TO PERFECTION! YOUR NUR 507 EXAM 2 A+
BLUEPRINT.
Hair changes can be related to:
diet
stress
genetics
infection
endocrine disorders
family history or hair loss/hair texture/dry or oily hair/breakage
"unkempt"
Thinning hair can be a sign of...
thyroid condition
Nail changes can be related to:
nutrition/stress/systemic disease/vitamin deficiency/infection/nail biting or picking/nail
care
T/F two techniques can be performed simultaneously for skin assessment?
True. (inspection and palpation)
-compare sides for symmetry
-good lighting is important
T/F huge population of elderly has fungus on their nails
True
Cultural considerations
dark-skinned people have lighter tones of skin on the lips, nail beds, and palms
**assess the conjunctiva, palm of the hand, and mucous membranes for color changes
Inspecting the skin
,1. inspect (personal hygiene, body odor/breath, skin color)
2. Assess (rashes, lesions, tattoos, scars, personal hygiene, body odor and breath, skin
color)
Normal Findings of the skin
good hygiene, no odor
uniform color
skin warm/moist
no abnormal lesions
Nevi are uniform brown color w/ reg. borders of less than 0.6cm
Palpating the skin
1. temperature (compare sides using dorsal surface of your hand)
2. thickness
3. skin turgor (assessing for hydration, pinch the palm)
4. moisture
Assessing hair and scalp
1. inspect general condition of hair (amount, distribution, cleanliness)
2. inspect the general condition of scalp (color, texture)
3. palpate the scalp
Abnormal findings of the skin
Vascular lesions
Ecchymosis
Hematoma
Petechiae (tiny red dots)
Purpura (purple color, ind. of vascular issue)
Skin cancer lesions (basal cell, squamous cell, malignant melanoma)
Elderly people...
often don't know that they are dehydrated
Normal findings for hair/scalp
hair is clean, curly, or straight
uniform thickness and distribution
, color brown/black/blonde/red/white/gray
scalp clean and intact, no lesions, contender
Abnormal findings for hair/scalp
Alopecia
Alopecia areata
folliculitis (follicles enflamed)
hirsutism (endocrine flag)
seborrhea dermatitis (dandruff, eczema)
tinea capitas
tinea versicolor
Abnormal nails finding
changes in color/shape/texture/thickness
Normal nail findings
-nail base 160 degrees
-firmly adhere to the nail bed
-nail beds pink
-capillary refill less than 3 sec.
-non-tender to palpation
-no redness, exudates (pus, discharge) or signs of infection/inflammation
Beau's line, onychomycosis, paronychia, pitting of nails, splinter hemorrhages,
spoon nails are all ________ findings of the nails.
abnormal findings
Health history components
1. Family history
2. Past medical history
3. Past surgical history
4. Nutrition
5. Pain assessment
6. Risk factors
7. cultural considerations
BLUEPRINT.
Hair changes can be related to:
diet
stress
genetics
infection
endocrine disorders
family history or hair loss/hair texture/dry or oily hair/breakage
"unkempt"
Thinning hair can be a sign of...
thyroid condition
Nail changes can be related to:
nutrition/stress/systemic disease/vitamin deficiency/infection/nail biting or picking/nail
care
T/F two techniques can be performed simultaneously for skin assessment?
True. (inspection and palpation)
-compare sides for symmetry
-good lighting is important
T/F huge population of elderly has fungus on their nails
True
Cultural considerations
dark-skinned people have lighter tones of skin on the lips, nail beds, and palms
**assess the conjunctiva, palm of the hand, and mucous membranes for color changes
Inspecting the skin
,1. inspect (personal hygiene, body odor/breath, skin color)
2. Assess (rashes, lesions, tattoos, scars, personal hygiene, body odor and breath, skin
color)
Normal Findings of the skin
good hygiene, no odor
uniform color
skin warm/moist
no abnormal lesions
Nevi are uniform brown color w/ reg. borders of less than 0.6cm
Palpating the skin
1. temperature (compare sides using dorsal surface of your hand)
2. thickness
3. skin turgor (assessing for hydration, pinch the palm)
4. moisture
Assessing hair and scalp
1. inspect general condition of hair (amount, distribution, cleanliness)
2. inspect the general condition of scalp (color, texture)
3. palpate the scalp
Abnormal findings of the skin
Vascular lesions
Ecchymosis
Hematoma
Petechiae (tiny red dots)
Purpura (purple color, ind. of vascular issue)
Skin cancer lesions (basal cell, squamous cell, malignant melanoma)
Elderly people...
often don't know that they are dehydrated
Normal findings for hair/scalp
hair is clean, curly, or straight
uniform thickness and distribution
, color brown/black/blonde/red/white/gray
scalp clean and intact, no lesions, contender
Abnormal findings for hair/scalp
Alopecia
Alopecia areata
folliculitis (follicles enflamed)
hirsutism (endocrine flag)
seborrhea dermatitis (dandruff, eczema)
tinea capitas
tinea versicolor
Abnormal nails finding
changes in color/shape/texture/thickness
Normal nail findings
-nail base 160 degrees
-firmly adhere to the nail bed
-nail beds pink
-capillary refill less than 3 sec.
-non-tender to palpation
-no redness, exudates (pus, discharge) or signs of infection/inflammation
Beau's line, onychomycosis, paronychia, pitting of nails, splinter hemorrhages,
spoon nails are all ________ findings of the nails.
abnormal findings
Health history components
1. Family history
2. Past medical history
3. Past surgical history
4. Nutrition
5. Pain assessment
6. Risk factors
7. cultural considerations
