WILDLIFE BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
(NEW MATERIAL) COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Advantage of divided heart - Answer-can maintain 2 circuits at different pressures
Disadvantages of divide heart - Answer-need for lymphatic system, must coordinate
Colloid osmotic pressure caused by - Answer-proteins in blood
Net effect of ultrafiltration @ capillaries is - Answer-loss of fluid
Excess fluid is captured by the - Answer-Lymphatic system
Depolarization of the 4-chambered heart - Answer-Contraction originates in sinoatrial
node, spreads through muscle of atria to atrioventricular node, delay, atrioventricular
bundle conducts contraction to ventricles
Diastole - Answer-Relaxation of the heart
Systole - Answer-Contraction of the heart
Cardiac output - Answer-CO = HR x SV (Cardiac output = Heart rate * Stroke
volume.
Cardiac output influenced by - Answer-nervous system, endocrine system,
autoregulation
Heart size & body size are ____ proportional - Answer-directly
Heart rate & body size are ____ proportional - Answer-inversely
At rest, O2 extract is 25% in humans - Answer-true
During exercise, O2 extraction is 80-90% in humans - Answer-true
How do pronghorns sustain fast speeds? - Answer-Oversized trachea, lungs, heart;
blood completely saturated w/ O2; High cardiac output; high hematocrit.
Two best diving mammals - Answer-Sperm whale & Elephant seal
Diving mammals exhibit neither a left nor right shift - Answer-true
Depth & pressure are _____ ProportionL - Answer-directly
Henrys law - Answer-At a given temperature the solubility of a gas in a liquid is
directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid
, Diving mammals have suits of adaptations: - Answer-1. O2 stores, 2. circulatory
adjustments, 3. altered metabolism
O2 stores - Answer-O2 carrying capacity, total of V of blood, blood saturation
Lungs of diving mammals - Answer-Dont store O2 in lungs, aveoli collapse, air
stored in trachea & bronchi & plasma, if air was stored in lungs, N would dissolve in
blood
Decompression sickness ( The bends ) - Answer-A condition resulting from nitrogen
trapped in the body's tissues caused by coming up too quickly from a deep,
prolonged dive. causes a deep pain in the muscles and joints.
Where is O2 stored in diving mammals - Answer-Myoglobin
Diving mammals use regional vasoconstriction to send blood to important organs -
Answer-True (heart, lungs, and brain)
Driving Bradycardia - Answer-Reduced heart rate, less output needed since only
heart, brain, & lungs are getting blood flow.
in capillaries - Answer-total area is highest and velocity is lowest.
viscosity: - Answer-An inherent characteristic of fluids that influences resistance
most cardiac energy is spent overcoming viscosity - Answer-true
hydrostatic pressure - Answer-pressure in fluid caused by gravity, pressure
increases with depth compared to surface pressure
blood pressure is ____ in head and _____ in feet - Answer-lowest, highest
how do giraffes get blood go head? - Answer-adaptive hypertension: Muscles around
carotids
how do giraffes get blood from feet to heart? - Answer-tight skin to keep pressure on
veins, efficient valve system, vasoconstriction in legs.
complexity of vertibrate circulatory system (lowest to highest) - Answer-fish ->
amphibian -> reptiles -> crocodilians -> mammals/birds
teleost heart - Answer-2 elements: Ventricle and atrium
ventricle - Answer-larger pump, sends blood to gills
atrium - Answer-collects blood and pumps, rapidly forced blood into ventricle
Air breathing fish use organs like - Answer-mouthparts, gut, swim bladder
(NEW MATERIAL) COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Advantage of divided heart - Answer-can maintain 2 circuits at different pressures
Disadvantages of divide heart - Answer-need for lymphatic system, must coordinate
Colloid osmotic pressure caused by - Answer-proteins in blood
Net effect of ultrafiltration @ capillaries is - Answer-loss of fluid
Excess fluid is captured by the - Answer-Lymphatic system
Depolarization of the 4-chambered heart - Answer-Contraction originates in sinoatrial
node, spreads through muscle of atria to atrioventricular node, delay, atrioventricular
bundle conducts contraction to ventricles
Diastole - Answer-Relaxation of the heart
Systole - Answer-Contraction of the heart
Cardiac output - Answer-CO = HR x SV (Cardiac output = Heart rate * Stroke
volume.
Cardiac output influenced by - Answer-nervous system, endocrine system,
autoregulation
Heart size & body size are ____ proportional - Answer-directly
Heart rate & body size are ____ proportional - Answer-inversely
At rest, O2 extract is 25% in humans - Answer-true
During exercise, O2 extraction is 80-90% in humans - Answer-true
How do pronghorns sustain fast speeds? - Answer-Oversized trachea, lungs, heart;
blood completely saturated w/ O2; High cardiac output; high hematocrit.
Two best diving mammals - Answer-Sperm whale & Elephant seal
Diving mammals exhibit neither a left nor right shift - Answer-true
Depth & pressure are _____ ProportionL - Answer-directly
Henrys law - Answer-At a given temperature the solubility of a gas in a liquid is
directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid
, Diving mammals have suits of adaptations: - Answer-1. O2 stores, 2. circulatory
adjustments, 3. altered metabolism
O2 stores - Answer-O2 carrying capacity, total of V of blood, blood saturation
Lungs of diving mammals - Answer-Dont store O2 in lungs, aveoli collapse, air
stored in trachea & bronchi & plasma, if air was stored in lungs, N would dissolve in
blood
Decompression sickness ( The bends ) - Answer-A condition resulting from nitrogen
trapped in the body's tissues caused by coming up too quickly from a deep,
prolonged dive. causes a deep pain in the muscles and joints.
Where is O2 stored in diving mammals - Answer-Myoglobin
Diving mammals use regional vasoconstriction to send blood to important organs -
Answer-True (heart, lungs, and brain)
Driving Bradycardia - Answer-Reduced heart rate, less output needed since only
heart, brain, & lungs are getting blood flow.
in capillaries - Answer-total area is highest and velocity is lowest.
viscosity: - Answer-An inherent characteristic of fluids that influences resistance
most cardiac energy is spent overcoming viscosity - Answer-true
hydrostatic pressure - Answer-pressure in fluid caused by gravity, pressure
increases with depth compared to surface pressure
blood pressure is ____ in head and _____ in feet - Answer-lowest, highest
how do giraffes get blood go head? - Answer-adaptive hypertension: Muscles around
carotids
how do giraffes get blood from feet to heart? - Answer-tight skin to keep pressure on
veins, efficient valve system, vasoconstriction in legs.
complexity of vertibrate circulatory system (lowest to highest) - Answer-fish ->
amphibian -> reptiles -> crocodilians -> mammals/birds
teleost heart - Answer-2 elements: Ventricle and atrium
ventricle - Answer-larger pump, sends blood to gills
atrium - Answer-collects blood and pumps, rapidly forced blood into ventricle
Air breathing fish use organs like - Answer-mouthparts, gut, swim bladder
