Clinical Ophthalmology for Veterinary
Technicians UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Ophthalmology - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the medical and surgical diseases
of the eyes.
OD - CORRECT ANSWER - Right eye.
OS - CORRECT ANSWER - Left eye.
OU - CORRECT ANSWER - Both eyes.
o.s. - CORRECT ANSWER - Ophthalmic solution (drops).
o.o. - CORRECT ANSWER - Ophthalmic ointment.
gt - CORRECT ANSWER - 1 drop.
gtt/gtts - CORRECT ANSWER - Multiple drops.
ACVx - CORRECT ANSWER - American College of Veterinary (Specialty x).
DACVx - CORRECT ANSWER - Diplomate of the American College of (Specialty x) =
board certified specialist.
Fibrous layer - CORRECT ANSWER - Outer layer of the eyeball, consisting of cornea and
sclera.
,Vascular layer - CORRECT ANSWER - Middle layer of the eyeball, consisting of uvea,
iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
Neuroretinal layer - CORRECT ANSWER - Inner layer of the eyeball, consisting of the
retina.
Canthus - CORRECT ANSWER - Corners of the eye
Medial Canthus - CORRECT ANSWER - inner corner of the eye where the upper and
lower eyelids meet
Latera Canthus - CORRECT ANSWER - The outer corner of the eye where the upper and
lower eyelids meet
Blepharospasm - CORRECT ANSWER - Squinting.
Nictitans - CORRECT ANSWER - Third eyelid, a normal structure in the medial
canthus/orbit in various animals.
Tear film - CORRECT ANSWER - Three components: mucus (from goblet cells), aqueous
(from lacrimal glands), oily (from meibomian glands).
Nasolacrimal system - CORRECT ANSWER - System for drainage of tears, consisting of
upper and lower puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct.
Common disease conditions of eyelids - CORRECT ANSWER - Tumors/growths;
abnormal shape or position (entropion, ectropion); injury; inflammation.
, Common disease conditions of nictitans - CORRECT ANSWER - Prolapse of gland of the
third eyelid.
Common disease conditions of tear film - CORRECT ANSWER - Dry eye (KCS); mucin
deficiency; tear staining.
Common disease conditions of nasolacrimal system - CORRECT ANSWER - Blocked
nasolacrimal ducts; dacryocystitis.
conjunctiva - CORRECT ANSWER - The mucosal membrane covering the sclera and
inner eyelids; comprised of the palpebral, bulbar, fornix, nictitans portions; also contains goblet
cells; highly vascular.
lacrimal glands - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 glands: the orbital lacrimal gland (the major
contributor of aqueous tears), and the gland of the third eyelid.
Lacrimation - CORRECT ANSWER - Tearing.
cornea - CORRECT ANSWER - The clear windshield of the eye.
anterior chamber - CORRECT ANSWER - The chamber delineated by the cornea and
iris/pupil/iridocorneal angle/lens.
sclera - CORRECT ANSWER - The fibrous white portion of the eye wall, continuous with
the cornea.
iris / pupil - CORRECT ANSWER - The anterior portion of the uveal tract (the middle of
the 3 layers of the eyeball); vascular and pigmented - the colored portion of the eye.
Heterochromia iridis - CORRECT ANSWER - Irides of different colors - can be normal or
abnormal, congenital or acquired.
Technicians UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Ophthalmology - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the medical and surgical diseases
of the eyes.
OD - CORRECT ANSWER - Right eye.
OS - CORRECT ANSWER - Left eye.
OU - CORRECT ANSWER - Both eyes.
o.s. - CORRECT ANSWER - Ophthalmic solution (drops).
o.o. - CORRECT ANSWER - Ophthalmic ointment.
gt - CORRECT ANSWER - 1 drop.
gtt/gtts - CORRECT ANSWER - Multiple drops.
ACVx - CORRECT ANSWER - American College of Veterinary (Specialty x).
DACVx - CORRECT ANSWER - Diplomate of the American College of (Specialty x) =
board certified specialist.
Fibrous layer - CORRECT ANSWER - Outer layer of the eyeball, consisting of cornea and
sclera.
,Vascular layer - CORRECT ANSWER - Middle layer of the eyeball, consisting of uvea,
iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
Neuroretinal layer - CORRECT ANSWER - Inner layer of the eyeball, consisting of the
retina.
Canthus - CORRECT ANSWER - Corners of the eye
Medial Canthus - CORRECT ANSWER - inner corner of the eye where the upper and
lower eyelids meet
Latera Canthus - CORRECT ANSWER - The outer corner of the eye where the upper and
lower eyelids meet
Blepharospasm - CORRECT ANSWER - Squinting.
Nictitans - CORRECT ANSWER - Third eyelid, a normal structure in the medial
canthus/orbit in various animals.
Tear film - CORRECT ANSWER - Three components: mucus (from goblet cells), aqueous
(from lacrimal glands), oily (from meibomian glands).
Nasolacrimal system - CORRECT ANSWER - System for drainage of tears, consisting of
upper and lower puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct.
Common disease conditions of eyelids - CORRECT ANSWER - Tumors/growths;
abnormal shape or position (entropion, ectropion); injury; inflammation.
, Common disease conditions of nictitans - CORRECT ANSWER - Prolapse of gland of the
third eyelid.
Common disease conditions of tear film - CORRECT ANSWER - Dry eye (KCS); mucin
deficiency; tear staining.
Common disease conditions of nasolacrimal system - CORRECT ANSWER - Blocked
nasolacrimal ducts; dacryocystitis.
conjunctiva - CORRECT ANSWER - The mucosal membrane covering the sclera and
inner eyelids; comprised of the palpebral, bulbar, fornix, nictitans portions; also contains goblet
cells; highly vascular.
lacrimal glands - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 glands: the orbital lacrimal gland (the major
contributor of aqueous tears), and the gland of the third eyelid.
Lacrimation - CORRECT ANSWER - Tearing.
cornea - CORRECT ANSWER - The clear windshield of the eye.
anterior chamber - CORRECT ANSWER - The chamber delineated by the cornea and
iris/pupil/iridocorneal angle/lens.
sclera - CORRECT ANSWER - The fibrous white portion of the eye wall, continuous with
the cornea.
iris / pupil - CORRECT ANSWER - The anterior portion of the uveal tract (the middle of
the 3 layers of the eyeball); vascular and pigmented - the colored portion of the eye.
Heterochromia iridis - CORRECT ANSWER - Irides of different colors - can be normal or
abnormal, congenital or acquired.
