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Sumario Minerales

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Para el examen de Murcia, apuntes basados en las recomendaciones del coordinador, con imágenes y características muy generales que se han de saber de los minerales.

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TEMA 2. MINERALES, LOS COMPONENTES DE LAS ROCAS

DEFINICIÓN: Un mineral es un SÓLIDO NATURAL Y HOMOGÉNEO, formado por
PROCESOS INORGÁNICOS, con una DISPOSICIÓN ATÓMICA ORDENADA y unas
propiedades FISICO-QUÍMICAS DEFINIDAS.

PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LOS MINERALES

 COLOR
 RAYA: color del polvo del mineral cuando es rayado.
 DIAFANIDAD: capacidad que tiene un mineral para que lo atraviese la luz.
 BRILLO: aspecto de la superficie del mineral.
 DUREZA: resistencia que opone un mineral a ser rayado (escala de MOHS)




 FORMA: grupo de caras de un cristal, es decir, como es externamente un
mineral.
 HÁBITO: describe el aspecto macroscópico del mineral.
 EXFOLIACIÓN: planos de debilidad o de discontinuidad por los que tiende a
romperse un mineral, es decir, cómo se rompe.
 FRACTURA: rotura aleatoria.
 TENACIDAD: resistencia que opone un mineral a ser roto, aplastado o
pulverizado.
 OLOR, SABOR Y TACTO.

, PRINCIPALES MINERALES DE LA REGIÓN

GALENA

FÓRMULA QUÍMICA PbS PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS

CLASE: Sulfuros

SISTEMA CRISTALINO Cúbico COLOR Gris plomo
RAYA Gris oscuro
BRILLO Metálico
DUREZA 2´5 (blando)

LOCALIDADES: La Unión, Cartagena, Mazarrón, Águilas, Lorca, Valle de Ricote,
Zarzadilla de Totana.

USOS: Mena de plomo.




HALITA

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