RELG 2650 FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
RATED A+
What is Salmasy's main distinction between killing and allowing to
die? Correct Answer Intention
Killing (according to Salmasy) Correct Answer - creating a new,
lethal, pathophysiological state
- intention to kill (person should die from the act)
Allowing to die (according to Salmasy) Correct Answer - Doing an
act to remove an intervention that forstalls death
- Intention can be good or bad
Principle of Double Effect Correct Answer If the aim is to
accomplish a good act and the bad one is foreseen but not
intended, then the act may be performed.
4 conditions of double effect that all must be passed Correct
Answer Act: the act must be morally good or indifferent
Intention: can't intend the bad effect
,Bad can't be the route to the good
Proportionality: good must be at least proportionate to the bad
Use double effect to determine ventilation removing Correct
Answer act: removing the ventilator that forestalls death
intention: receive suffering of the family and patient
Bad is not the route to the good; The bad will happen anyways
(death is inevitable), good will only happen if the action is taken
Proportionality; if bad is happening anyways, then good
outweighs the bad.
Use double effect to determine giving opioids for severe pain
relief if the risk is death through improper use. Correct Answer
Act: give opioids (pain relief) is good
Intention: relieving pain is good
Bad is not the route to the good (new killing doesn't have to
happen to remove the ventilator)
Proportionate? yes
We should give opioids
According to double effect, can I pull a lever to save 5 people but
kill 1? Correct Answer Yes
Act: pulling a lever
Intention: saving 5 lives
,Bad effect means no (the guy doesn't have to be tied there to
save 5 lives, it just happens as a side effect)
Proportionate? Yes 5:1
According to double effect, can I push someone over a bridge to
save 5 people? Correct Answer no
Act: pushing someone off a bridge
Intention: save 5 lives
bad effect means: yes (need to push the guy to save 5 lives, not a
side effect)
Proportionate: 5:1
Criticisms of double effect Correct Answer 1. Hard to analyze
intentions (especially in allowing to die)
2. Different understandings of actions, some people care more
about consequences than intentions
3. Arises from religious traditions
3 reasons why most religions don't like assisted suicide and
euthanasia Correct Answer 1. God is Lord of life (life is a gift, not
our property)
2. Life is good (good should be protected)
3. Obligations towards others (can always be in service to others)
, what do most religions prefer over assisted suicide and
euthanasia to eliminate suffering Correct Answer palliative care
Does Brock support euthanasia? Correct Answer Yes
Does Callahan support euthanasia? Correct Answer No
Brock's 3 arguments for euthanasia Correct Answer 1. Supporting
autonomy
2. Supporting Wellbeing (you are forcing them to live a life that
they don't think is valuable, but a burden)
3. Eliminates suffering
Callahans 4 arguments against euthanasia Correct Answer 1.
Undermines the vocation of medicine (the whole point is to make
people healthy)
2. Weakens care for dying patient (people may opt for euthanasia
if tis cheaper / slippery slope)
3. Changes how patients view medicene
4. Choices make people worse.
What does Callahan mean when he says that choice makes
people worse Correct Answer Euthanasia removes the default
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
RATED A+
What is Salmasy's main distinction between killing and allowing to
die? Correct Answer Intention
Killing (according to Salmasy) Correct Answer - creating a new,
lethal, pathophysiological state
- intention to kill (person should die from the act)
Allowing to die (according to Salmasy) Correct Answer - Doing an
act to remove an intervention that forstalls death
- Intention can be good or bad
Principle of Double Effect Correct Answer If the aim is to
accomplish a good act and the bad one is foreseen but not
intended, then the act may be performed.
4 conditions of double effect that all must be passed Correct
Answer Act: the act must be morally good or indifferent
Intention: can't intend the bad effect
,Bad can't be the route to the good
Proportionality: good must be at least proportionate to the bad
Use double effect to determine ventilation removing Correct
Answer act: removing the ventilator that forestalls death
intention: receive suffering of the family and patient
Bad is not the route to the good; The bad will happen anyways
(death is inevitable), good will only happen if the action is taken
Proportionality; if bad is happening anyways, then good
outweighs the bad.
Use double effect to determine giving opioids for severe pain
relief if the risk is death through improper use. Correct Answer
Act: give opioids (pain relief) is good
Intention: relieving pain is good
Bad is not the route to the good (new killing doesn't have to
happen to remove the ventilator)
Proportionate? yes
We should give opioids
According to double effect, can I pull a lever to save 5 people but
kill 1? Correct Answer Yes
Act: pulling a lever
Intention: saving 5 lives
,Bad effect means no (the guy doesn't have to be tied there to
save 5 lives, it just happens as a side effect)
Proportionate? Yes 5:1
According to double effect, can I push someone over a bridge to
save 5 people? Correct Answer no
Act: pushing someone off a bridge
Intention: save 5 lives
bad effect means: yes (need to push the guy to save 5 lives, not a
side effect)
Proportionate: 5:1
Criticisms of double effect Correct Answer 1. Hard to analyze
intentions (especially in allowing to die)
2. Different understandings of actions, some people care more
about consequences than intentions
3. Arises from religious traditions
3 reasons why most religions don't like assisted suicide and
euthanasia Correct Answer 1. God is Lord of life (life is a gift, not
our property)
2. Life is good (good should be protected)
3. Obligations towards others (can always be in service to others)
, what do most religions prefer over assisted suicide and
euthanasia to eliminate suffering Correct Answer palliative care
Does Brock support euthanasia? Correct Answer Yes
Does Callahan support euthanasia? Correct Answer No
Brock's 3 arguments for euthanasia Correct Answer 1. Supporting
autonomy
2. Supporting Wellbeing (you are forcing them to live a life that
they don't think is valuable, but a burden)
3. Eliminates suffering
Callahans 4 arguments against euthanasia Correct Answer 1.
Undermines the vocation of medicine (the whole point is to make
people healthy)
2. Weakens care for dying patient (people may opt for euthanasia
if tis cheaper / slippery slope)
3. Changes how patients view medicene
4. Choices make people worse.
What does Callahan mean when he says that choice makes
people worse Correct Answer Euthanasia removes the default
