BS 161 Final Exam Study Questions with verified
answers
Appreciate that Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy involves the disruption of
dystrophin and has severe negative effect on muscles. Ans✓✓✓ Class 24 notes.
Are any stem cells found in adults? Ans✓✓✓ Stem cells are present in adults. For
example, stem cells in our blood marrow continuously produce new blood cells.
Are different functional regions of a protein associated with single exons?
Ans✓✓✓ Usually, but in biology there are rarely absolutes.
Are epi-genetic effects permanent? Ans✓✓✓ No. They are reversible and
responsive to environmental change.
Are genes in regions of condensed chromatin expressed at a high or low level?
Ans✓✓✓ Genes in regions of condensed chromatin are expressed at a low level,
and vice versa.
Are stem cells found in embryos? Ans✓✓✓ Yes. Embryonic stem cells make our
body.
Are the proteins encoded by the X-chromosome expressed at similar levels
between males and females in mammals? Ans✓✓✓ Surprisingly, X chromosome
gene expression is similar in males and females.
Be able to determine if a gene is a housekeeping
, gene. Ans✓✓✓ Genes that are needed by all cells all the time are called
housekeeping genes.
Be able to draw out a gene under conditions where gene expression is occurring
and not occurring. Ans✓✓✓ Class 27 notes.
Be able to explain in your own words the process underlying the activation of
gene expression. Ans✓✓✓ Histones disassociate from DNA. This allows general
transcription factors and RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter. High levels of
gene transcription and translation are caused by the addition of a cell-type-
specific activator.
Be able to predict what happens to a protein if there is a mutation in a start or
stop codon. Ans✓✓✓ -If an AUG is lost or created, the site where translation
starts changes.
-If a stop codon is lost or created, where translation stops also changes.
Can bacteria have monocistronic mRNA? Ans✓✓✓ No. Eukayotic mRNA
molecules are monocistronic, containing the coding sequence only for one
polypeptide. In prokaryotes individual bacterial mRNA molecules are polycistronic
having transcripts of several genes of a particular metabolic pathway
Do frameshift mutations ever lead to non-sense mutations? Why? Ans✓✓✓ Yes.
A frameshift can create a stop codon. A nucleotide that creates a stop codon is
called a nonsense mutation.
Do mutations always have negative effects? Ans✓✓✓ No. They can be repaired
and
answers
Appreciate that Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy involves the disruption of
dystrophin and has severe negative effect on muscles. Ans✓✓✓ Class 24 notes.
Are any stem cells found in adults? Ans✓✓✓ Stem cells are present in adults. For
example, stem cells in our blood marrow continuously produce new blood cells.
Are different functional regions of a protein associated with single exons?
Ans✓✓✓ Usually, but in biology there are rarely absolutes.
Are epi-genetic effects permanent? Ans✓✓✓ No. They are reversible and
responsive to environmental change.
Are genes in regions of condensed chromatin expressed at a high or low level?
Ans✓✓✓ Genes in regions of condensed chromatin are expressed at a low level,
and vice versa.
Are stem cells found in embryos? Ans✓✓✓ Yes. Embryonic stem cells make our
body.
Are the proteins encoded by the X-chromosome expressed at similar levels
between males and females in mammals? Ans✓✓✓ Surprisingly, X chromosome
gene expression is similar in males and females.
Be able to determine if a gene is a housekeeping
, gene. Ans✓✓✓ Genes that are needed by all cells all the time are called
housekeeping genes.
Be able to draw out a gene under conditions where gene expression is occurring
and not occurring. Ans✓✓✓ Class 27 notes.
Be able to explain in your own words the process underlying the activation of
gene expression. Ans✓✓✓ Histones disassociate from DNA. This allows general
transcription factors and RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter. High levels of
gene transcription and translation are caused by the addition of a cell-type-
specific activator.
Be able to predict what happens to a protein if there is a mutation in a start or
stop codon. Ans✓✓✓ -If an AUG is lost or created, the site where translation
starts changes.
-If a stop codon is lost or created, where translation stops also changes.
Can bacteria have monocistronic mRNA? Ans✓✓✓ No. Eukayotic mRNA
molecules are monocistronic, containing the coding sequence only for one
polypeptide. In prokaryotes individual bacterial mRNA molecules are polycistronic
having transcripts of several genes of a particular metabolic pathway
Do frameshift mutations ever lead to non-sense mutations? Why? Ans✓✓✓ Yes.
A frameshift can create a stop codon. A nucleotide that creates a stop codon is
called a nonsense mutation.
Do mutations always have negative effects? Ans✓✓✓ No. They can be repaired
and
