BS 161 MSU Final Exam Study Guide questions with
verified answers
________ _______ forms a bond joining the two ______ _______ Ans✓✓✓ DNA
Ligase ; DNA fragments
A different ____ ____ removes the _____ and replaces it with _____ Ans✓✓✓
DNA polymerase ; primer ; DNA
Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide
depends on specificity in the? Ans✓✓✓ Bonding of the anticodon to the codon
and the attachment of amino acids to the tRNA.
activator Ans✓✓✓ A synthesized compound that increases the activity of an
enzyme.
Active transport requires ____? Ans✓✓✓ Energy (usually ATP)
*against gradient
allosteric effect Ans✓✓✓ A change in the activity or affinity of a protein as the
result of binding of a molecule to a site other than the active site.
amino acid replacement Ans✓✓✓ A change in the identity of an amino acid at a
particular site in a protein resulting from a mutation in the gene.
Amino group Ans✓✓✓ NH2
,Amino terminal signal will result in the protein going to the ______ or ______
Ans✓✓✓ chloroplast ; mitochondrion
An amino acid is made up of what functional groups Ans✓✓✓ Amino, alpha
carbon, R group, Carboxyl group
An enzyme accelerates the reaction by ________ the ______ Ans✓✓✓ reducing ;
activation energy
anaphase Ans✓✓✓ The stage of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate.
Anchors do what? Ans✓✓✓ attach to other proteins to allow for cell structure
and shape
antiporter Ans✓✓✓ A carrier protein that transports two molecules across the
plasma membrane in opposite directions.
asexual reproduction Ans✓✓✓ The reproduction of cells or single-celled
organisms by cell division; offspring are clones of the parent.
autocrine signaling Ans✓✓✓ Signaling between different parts of a cell; the
signaling cell and the responding cell are one and the same.
bacteriophage Ans✓✓✓ Virus that infects bacterial cells.
base excision repair Ans✓✓✓ A specialized repair system in which an incorrect
DNA base and its sugar are both removed and the resulting gap is repaired.
,benign Ans✓✓✓ is relatively slow growing and does not invade the surrounding
tissue
binary fission Ans✓✓✓ The process by which cells of bacteria or archaeons
divide.
replication of DNA, segregation of replicated DNA to daughter cells, and division
of one cell into two
binding affinity Ans✓✓✓ The tightness of the binding between the receptor and
the signaling molecule.
Binding of regulatory transcription factors recruits the ____________ to the
_______ of the gene? Ans✓✓✓ the general transcription factors; promoter
carbohydrates can easily be ____ to release energy Ans✓✓✓ oxidized
carbonyl (ketone) Ans✓✓✓ -c=o
carboxyl group Ans✓✓✓ COOH
Cells with activated notch transmembrane proteins become? Ans✓✓✓ glial cells
, centromere Ans✓✓✓ A constriction that physically holds sister chromatids
together; the site of the attachment of the spindle fibers that move the
chromosome in cell division.
centrosome Ans✓✓✓ A compact structure that is the microtubule organizing
center for animal cells.
checkpoint Ans✓✓✓ One of multiple regulatory mechanism that coordinate the
temporal sequence of events in the cell cycle.
Chloroplasts enable plant cells to harness the energy of ______ to synthesis
_____ Ans✓✓✓ sunlight ; sugars
Cholesterol _____ mobility of the lipids at high temperatures Ans✓✓✓ reduce
Cholesterol prevents tight packing at ______ temperatures Ans✓✓✓ low
chromatin Ans✓✓✓ a complex of DNA, RNA, and proteins that gives
chromosomes their structure; chromatin fibers are either 30 nm in diameter or, in
a relaxed state, 10 nm.
chromatin remodeling Ans✓✓✓ The process in which the nucleosomes are
repositioned to expose different stretches of DNA to the nuclear environment.
Citric acid cycle takes place in the? Ans✓✓✓ mitochondria
verified answers
________ _______ forms a bond joining the two ______ _______ Ans✓✓✓ DNA
Ligase ; DNA fragments
A different ____ ____ removes the _____ and replaces it with _____ Ans✓✓✓
DNA polymerase ; primer ; DNA
Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide
depends on specificity in the? Ans✓✓✓ Bonding of the anticodon to the codon
and the attachment of amino acids to the tRNA.
activator Ans✓✓✓ A synthesized compound that increases the activity of an
enzyme.
Active transport requires ____? Ans✓✓✓ Energy (usually ATP)
*against gradient
allosteric effect Ans✓✓✓ A change in the activity or affinity of a protein as the
result of binding of a molecule to a site other than the active site.
amino acid replacement Ans✓✓✓ A change in the identity of an amino acid at a
particular site in a protein resulting from a mutation in the gene.
Amino group Ans✓✓✓ NH2
,Amino terminal signal will result in the protein going to the ______ or ______
Ans✓✓✓ chloroplast ; mitochondrion
An amino acid is made up of what functional groups Ans✓✓✓ Amino, alpha
carbon, R group, Carboxyl group
An enzyme accelerates the reaction by ________ the ______ Ans✓✓✓ reducing ;
activation energy
anaphase Ans✓✓✓ The stage of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate.
Anchors do what? Ans✓✓✓ attach to other proteins to allow for cell structure
and shape
antiporter Ans✓✓✓ A carrier protein that transports two molecules across the
plasma membrane in opposite directions.
asexual reproduction Ans✓✓✓ The reproduction of cells or single-celled
organisms by cell division; offspring are clones of the parent.
autocrine signaling Ans✓✓✓ Signaling between different parts of a cell; the
signaling cell and the responding cell are one and the same.
bacteriophage Ans✓✓✓ Virus that infects bacterial cells.
base excision repair Ans✓✓✓ A specialized repair system in which an incorrect
DNA base and its sugar are both removed and the resulting gap is repaired.
,benign Ans✓✓✓ is relatively slow growing and does not invade the surrounding
tissue
binary fission Ans✓✓✓ The process by which cells of bacteria or archaeons
divide.
replication of DNA, segregation of replicated DNA to daughter cells, and division
of one cell into two
binding affinity Ans✓✓✓ The tightness of the binding between the receptor and
the signaling molecule.
Binding of regulatory transcription factors recruits the ____________ to the
_______ of the gene? Ans✓✓✓ the general transcription factors; promoter
carbohydrates can easily be ____ to release energy Ans✓✓✓ oxidized
carbonyl (ketone) Ans✓✓✓ -c=o
carboxyl group Ans✓✓✓ COOH
Cells with activated notch transmembrane proteins become? Ans✓✓✓ glial cells
, centromere Ans✓✓✓ A constriction that physically holds sister chromatids
together; the site of the attachment of the spindle fibers that move the
chromosome in cell division.
centrosome Ans✓✓✓ A compact structure that is the microtubule organizing
center for animal cells.
checkpoint Ans✓✓✓ One of multiple regulatory mechanism that coordinate the
temporal sequence of events in the cell cycle.
Chloroplasts enable plant cells to harness the energy of ______ to synthesis
_____ Ans✓✓✓ sunlight ; sugars
Cholesterol _____ mobility of the lipids at high temperatures Ans✓✓✓ reduce
Cholesterol prevents tight packing at ______ temperatures Ans✓✓✓ low
chromatin Ans✓✓✓ a complex of DNA, RNA, and proteins that gives
chromosomes their structure; chromatin fibers are either 30 nm in diameter or, in
a relaxed state, 10 nm.
chromatin remodeling Ans✓✓✓ The process in which the nucleosomes are
repositioned to expose different stretches of DNA to the nuclear environment.
Citric acid cycle takes place in the? Ans✓✓✓ mitochondria
