NST 10: Midterm 3 ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Water - CORRECT ANSWER - the most abundant molecule in the body (about 2/3 of body
water is intracellular and 1/3 is extracellular)
Vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER - causes an increase in bone mineralization and Ca2+
along with PO4- absorption from the GI tract and kidney tubules
Calcium - CORRECT ANSWER - nerve conduction, intracellular signaling pathways, muscle
contraction, etc
calcium fortified foods: dairy, soy milk, tofu, kale, broccoli, bok chou
Phosphate - CORRECT ANSWER - important for forming bones and teeth
Involved in metabolism of protein, fat, carbs.
Rickets - CORRECT ANSWER - Vitamin D deficiency
Abnormal calcification of the bones and changes in growth plates that lead to soft or weak bones
due to lack of Vitamin D. AAP advises that full-term breastfed infants receive vitamin D
supplement beginning at 2 months of age.
osteomalacia - CORRECT ANSWER - softening of bone
disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
Osteoporosis - CORRECT ANSWER - A condition in which the body's bones become weak
and break easily.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - CORRECT ANSWER - regulates calcium metabolism.
promotes the realease of calcium from bone tissue thus increasing the amount of calcium in
bloodstream
, Calcitonin - CORRECT ANSWER - A polypeptide hormone especially from the thyroid gland
that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma.
Non-Dietary Factors Influencing Bone Mass - CORRECT ANSWER - (sex steroid hormone,
weight bearing, etc)
Hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANSWER - excessive calcium in the blood
muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent tendon reflexes,
shallow respirations, emergency!
Hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANSWER - deficient calcium in the blood
CATS - convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany, spasms and strido
Hyperphosphatemia - CORRECT ANSWER - serum phosphourous levels that EXCEED 4.5
mg/dL
irritable skeletal muscles Twitches, cramps, tetany, seizure
Hypophosphatemia - CORRECT ANSWER - serum phosphorous level that is LESS than 2.7
mg/dL
Caused by refeeding after starvation, alcohol withdrawal, DKA, respiratory alkalosis; S&S:
paresthesias, muscle weakness, muscle pain, mental changes, cardiomyopathy, respiratory
failure; level below 2.0meq/L; correct underlying cause and administer oral replacements with
vitamin D
Trace minerals deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - "A daily nutritional need of less than 100
mg"
Only minute amounts needed by body
Sophisticated technology required for research
Induce deficiency is difficult in studies
Clinical signs and symptoms may only appear with severe deficiency
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Water - CORRECT ANSWER - the most abundant molecule in the body (about 2/3 of body
water is intracellular and 1/3 is extracellular)
Vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER - causes an increase in bone mineralization and Ca2+
along with PO4- absorption from the GI tract and kidney tubules
Calcium - CORRECT ANSWER - nerve conduction, intracellular signaling pathways, muscle
contraction, etc
calcium fortified foods: dairy, soy milk, tofu, kale, broccoli, bok chou
Phosphate - CORRECT ANSWER - important for forming bones and teeth
Involved in metabolism of protein, fat, carbs.
Rickets - CORRECT ANSWER - Vitamin D deficiency
Abnormal calcification of the bones and changes in growth plates that lead to soft or weak bones
due to lack of Vitamin D. AAP advises that full-term breastfed infants receive vitamin D
supplement beginning at 2 months of age.
osteomalacia - CORRECT ANSWER - softening of bone
disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
Osteoporosis - CORRECT ANSWER - A condition in which the body's bones become weak
and break easily.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - CORRECT ANSWER - regulates calcium metabolism.
promotes the realease of calcium from bone tissue thus increasing the amount of calcium in
bloodstream
, Calcitonin - CORRECT ANSWER - A polypeptide hormone especially from the thyroid gland
that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma.
Non-Dietary Factors Influencing Bone Mass - CORRECT ANSWER - (sex steroid hormone,
weight bearing, etc)
Hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANSWER - excessive calcium in the blood
muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent tendon reflexes,
shallow respirations, emergency!
Hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANSWER - deficient calcium in the blood
CATS - convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany, spasms and strido
Hyperphosphatemia - CORRECT ANSWER - serum phosphourous levels that EXCEED 4.5
mg/dL
irritable skeletal muscles Twitches, cramps, tetany, seizure
Hypophosphatemia - CORRECT ANSWER - serum phosphorous level that is LESS than 2.7
mg/dL
Caused by refeeding after starvation, alcohol withdrawal, DKA, respiratory alkalosis; S&S:
paresthesias, muscle weakness, muscle pain, mental changes, cardiomyopathy, respiratory
failure; level below 2.0meq/L; correct underlying cause and administer oral replacements with
vitamin D
Trace minerals deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - "A daily nutritional need of less than 100
mg"
Only minute amounts needed by body
Sophisticated technology required for research
Induce deficiency is difficult in studies
Clinical signs and symptoms may only appear with severe deficiency
