Test Bank For Genetics A Conceptual Approach 7th Edition By: Benj
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
amin A. Pierce
@ @
,Chapter@1:@Introduction@to@Genetics@from@Genetics:@A@Conceptual@Approach
1. Which@of@the@following@best@defines@genetics?
A) The@study@of@living@organisms
B) The@study@of@genes@and@heredity
C) The@study@of@diseases@and@their@causes
D) The@study@of@cell@structures
Correct@Answer:@B)@The@study@of@genes@and@heredity
Rationale:@Genetics@focuses@specifically@on@how@traits@and@characteristics@are@inherite
d@through@genes.@This@foundational@knowledge@is@crucial@for@understanding@more@comp
lex@genetic@concepts.@Understanding@genetics@is@essential@for@nurses,@as@they@may@deal
@with@genetic@conditions@and@counseling.
2. Which@term@describes@the@observable@characteristics@of@an@organism?
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Allele
D) Chromosome
Correct@Answer:@B)@Phenotype
Rationale:@The@phenotype@refers@to@the@physical@expression@of@genetic@traits,@while@ge
notype@refers@to@the@genetic@makeup.@Nurses@must@be@able@to@differentiate@between@the
se@terms@to@provide@effective@education@and@support@to@patients@regarding@genetic@con
ditions.
3. What@is@the@primary@function@of@DNA?
A) To@provide@energy@for@cellular@processes
B) To@store@and@transmit@genetic@information
C) To@catalyze@biochemical@reactions
D) To@serve@as@a@structural@component@of@cells
Correct@Answer:@B)@To@store@and@transmit@genetic@information
Rationale:@DNA@holds@the@instructions@for@the@development@and@functioning@of@living@org
anisms,@which@is@central@to@genetic@studies.@Understanding@the@role@of@DNA@is@vital@for@nu
rses,@especially@when@discussing@genetic@testing@and@counseling.
4. Which@of@the@following@best@describes@alleles?
A) Different@forms@of@a@gene
B) The@same@form@of@a@gene
C) Chromosomes@that@determine@sex
D) Cells@that@contain@genetic@material
Correct@Answer:@A)@Different@forms@of@a@gene
Rationale:@Alleles@represent@variations@of@a@particular@gene,@contributing@to@genetic@di
versity.@Nurses@must@understand@alleles@to@help@explain@inheritance@patterns@and@geneti
c@disorders@to@patients.
5. If@a@person@has@two@identical@alleles@for@a@trait,@they@are@considered:
A) Homozygous
B) Heterozygous
C) Dominant
D) Recessive
, Correct@Answer:@A)@Homozygous
Rationale:@Homozygous@individuals@have@two@copies@of@the@same@allele,@while@hetero
zygous@individuals@have@different@alleles.@This@distinction@is@essential@in@genetics,@as@it
@influences@the@expression@of@traits@and@the@risk@of@genetic@disorders.
6. What@is@a@gene?
A) A@segment@of@DNA@that@codes@for@a@protein
B) The@physical@location@of@chromosomes
C) The@complete@set@of@DNA@in@an@organism
D) A@structure@that@carries@nutrients@in@cells
Correct@Answer:@A)@A@segment@of@DNA@that@codes@for@a@protein
Rationale:@Genes@are@the@basic@units@of@heredity@and@are@crucial@for@producing@protein
s@that@carry@out@various@functions@in@the@body.@Understanding@gene@function@is@essentia
l@for@nurses@to@assess@genetic@risks@and@provide@appropriate@patient@education.
7. Which@genetic@disorder@is@caused@by@a@single@gene@mutation?
A) Cystic@fibrosis
B) Down@syndrome
C) Turner@syndrome
D) Hemophilia
Correct@Answer:@A)@Cystic@fibrosis
Rationale:@Cystic@fibrosis@is@an@autosomal@recessive@disorder@resulting@from@mutations
@in@the@CFTR@gene,@illustrating@Mendelian@inheritance@patterns.@Recognizing@such@diso
rders@allows@nurses@to@provide@better@care@and@management@strategies@for@affected@indi
viduals.
8. In@Mendelian@inheritance,@what@is@the@expected@phenotypic@ratio@of@a@monohy
brid@cross?
A) 1:1
B) 3:1
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 1:2:1
Correct@Answer:@B)@3:1
Rationale:@A@monohybrid@cross@typically@results@in@a@3:1@ratio@of@dominant@to@recessi
ve@phenotypes.@This@knowledge@is@important@for@nurses@involved@in@genetic@counseling
,@as@it@helps@explain@inheritance@patterns@to@families.
9. Which@of@the@following@represents@a@carrier@for@a@recessive@genetic@disorder?
A) AA
B) Aa
C) aa
D) None@of@the@above
Correct@Answer:@B)@Aa
Rationale:@A@carrier@has@one@dominant@and@one@recessive@allele,@showing@no@symptom
s@of@the@disorder@but@capable@of@passing@the@recessive@allele@to@offspring.@Understandi
ng@carriers@is@vital@in@genetic@counseling@and@assessing@family@risks.
10. What@is@the@significance@of@the@human@genome@project?
A) To@clone@human@genes
B) To@map@the@entire@human@genome
C) To@identify@genetic@disorders@only
D) To@enhance@agricultural@crops
, Correct@Answer:@B)@To@map@the@entire@human@genome
Rationale:@The@Human@Genome@Project@aimed@to@sequence@and@understand@all@the@ge
nes@of@the@human@species,@which@has@vast@implications@for@medicine@and@genetics.@Nur
ses@should@be@aware@of@this@project@as@it@informs@genetic@testing@and@treatment@options
.
11. Which@of@the@following@is@an@example@of@a@dominant@trait?
A) Blue@eyes
B) Blood@type@O
C) Hitchhiker's@thumb
D) Cystic@fibrosis
Correct@Answer:@C)@Hitchhiker's@thumb
Rationale:@Hitchhiker's@thumb@is@a@dominant@trait;@the@others@are@either@recessive@or@b
lood@types@determined@by@codominance.@Understanding@dominant@traits@is@crucial@for@
nurses@when@discussing@genetic@inheritance@with@patients.
12. In@a@pedigree@chart,@a@filled@symbol@typically@represents@which@of@the@following?
A) Carrier
B) Affected@individual
C) Male
D) Female
Correct@Answer:@B)@Affected@individual
Rationale:@Filled@symbols@in@a@pedigree@indicate@individuals@expressing@a@particular@tr
ait@or@condition@being@studied.@Knowledge@of@pedigree@charts@is@essential@for@nurses@as
sessing@family@histories@and@genetic@risks.
13. Which@of@the@following@is@true@regarding@sex-linked@traits?
A) They@are@inherited@equally@by@males@and@females.
B) They@are@always@expressed@in@males.
C) They@are@only@found@on@the@Y@chromosome.
D) They@are@typically@more@common@in@males@than@females.
Correct@Answer:@D)@They@are@typically@more@common@in@males@than@females.@Ratio
nale:@Sex-
linked@traits@are@often@carried@on@the@X@chromosome,@leading@to@higher@expression@in
@males,@who@have@only@one@X@chromosome.@Nurses@should@understand@sex-
@linked@inheritance@patterns@for@effective@ genetic@counseling.
14. What@is@the@role@of@messenger@RNA@(mRNA)@in@protein@synthesis?
A) It@catalyzes@the@formation@of@proteins.
B) It@carries@genetic@information@from@DNA@to@ribosomes.
C) It@helps@in@DNA@replication.
D) It@protects@DNA@from@degradation.
Correct@Answer:@B)@It@carries@genetic@information@from@DNA@to@ribosomes.
Rationale:@mRNA@is@crucial@for@translating@genetic@information@into@proteins,@function
ing@as@a@template@for@protein@synthesis.@Understanding@mRNA's@role@aids@nurses@in@di
scussing@genetic@therapies@and@treatments.
15. Which@term@describes@an@organism's@genetic@makeup?
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Allele
D) Trait
Correct@Answer:@B)@Genotype
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
amin A. Pierce
@ @
,Chapter@1:@Introduction@to@Genetics@from@Genetics:@A@Conceptual@Approach
1. Which@of@the@following@best@defines@genetics?
A) The@study@of@living@organisms
B) The@study@of@genes@and@heredity
C) The@study@of@diseases@and@their@causes
D) The@study@of@cell@structures
Correct@Answer:@B)@The@study@of@genes@and@heredity
Rationale:@Genetics@focuses@specifically@on@how@traits@and@characteristics@are@inherite
d@through@genes.@This@foundational@knowledge@is@crucial@for@understanding@more@comp
lex@genetic@concepts.@Understanding@genetics@is@essential@for@nurses,@as@they@may@deal
@with@genetic@conditions@and@counseling.
2. Which@term@describes@the@observable@characteristics@of@an@organism?
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Allele
D) Chromosome
Correct@Answer:@B)@Phenotype
Rationale:@The@phenotype@refers@to@the@physical@expression@of@genetic@traits,@while@ge
notype@refers@to@the@genetic@makeup.@Nurses@must@be@able@to@differentiate@between@the
se@terms@to@provide@effective@education@and@support@to@patients@regarding@genetic@con
ditions.
3. What@is@the@primary@function@of@DNA?
A) To@provide@energy@for@cellular@processes
B) To@store@and@transmit@genetic@information
C) To@catalyze@biochemical@reactions
D) To@serve@as@a@structural@component@of@cells
Correct@Answer:@B)@To@store@and@transmit@genetic@information
Rationale:@DNA@holds@the@instructions@for@the@development@and@functioning@of@living@org
anisms,@which@is@central@to@genetic@studies.@Understanding@the@role@of@DNA@is@vital@for@nu
rses,@especially@when@discussing@genetic@testing@and@counseling.
4. Which@of@the@following@best@describes@alleles?
A) Different@forms@of@a@gene
B) The@same@form@of@a@gene
C) Chromosomes@that@determine@sex
D) Cells@that@contain@genetic@material
Correct@Answer:@A)@Different@forms@of@a@gene
Rationale:@Alleles@represent@variations@of@a@particular@gene,@contributing@to@genetic@di
versity.@Nurses@must@understand@alleles@to@help@explain@inheritance@patterns@and@geneti
c@disorders@to@patients.
5. If@a@person@has@two@identical@alleles@for@a@trait,@they@are@considered:
A) Homozygous
B) Heterozygous
C) Dominant
D) Recessive
, Correct@Answer:@A)@Homozygous
Rationale:@Homozygous@individuals@have@two@copies@of@the@same@allele,@while@hetero
zygous@individuals@have@different@alleles.@This@distinction@is@essential@in@genetics,@as@it
@influences@the@expression@of@traits@and@the@risk@of@genetic@disorders.
6. What@is@a@gene?
A) A@segment@of@DNA@that@codes@for@a@protein
B) The@physical@location@of@chromosomes
C) The@complete@set@of@DNA@in@an@organism
D) A@structure@that@carries@nutrients@in@cells
Correct@Answer:@A)@A@segment@of@DNA@that@codes@for@a@protein
Rationale:@Genes@are@the@basic@units@of@heredity@and@are@crucial@for@producing@protein
s@that@carry@out@various@functions@in@the@body.@Understanding@gene@function@is@essentia
l@for@nurses@to@assess@genetic@risks@and@provide@appropriate@patient@education.
7. Which@genetic@disorder@is@caused@by@a@single@gene@mutation?
A) Cystic@fibrosis
B) Down@syndrome
C) Turner@syndrome
D) Hemophilia
Correct@Answer:@A)@Cystic@fibrosis
Rationale:@Cystic@fibrosis@is@an@autosomal@recessive@disorder@resulting@from@mutations
@in@the@CFTR@gene,@illustrating@Mendelian@inheritance@patterns.@Recognizing@such@diso
rders@allows@nurses@to@provide@better@care@and@management@strategies@for@affected@indi
viduals.
8. In@Mendelian@inheritance,@what@is@the@expected@phenotypic@ratio@of@a@monohy
brid@cross?
A) 1:1
B) 3:1
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 1:2:1
Correct@Answer:@B)@3:1
Rationale:@A@monohybrid@cross@typically@results@in@a@3:1@ratio@of@dominant@to@recessi
ve@phenotypes.@This@knowledge@is@important@for@nurses@involved@in@genetic@counseling
,@as@it@helps@explain@inheritance@patterns@to@families.
9. Which@of@the@following@represents@a@carrier@for@a@recessive@genetic@disorder?
A) AA
B) Aa
C) aa
D) None@of@the@above
Correct@Answer:@B)@Aa
Rationale:@A@carrier@has@one@dominant@and@one@recessive@allele,@showing@no@symptom
s@of@the@disorder@but@capable@of@passing@the@recessive@allele@to@offspring.@Understandi
ng@carriers@is@vital@in@genetic@counseling@and@assessing@family@risks.
10. What@is@the@significance@of@the@human@genome@project?
A) To@clone@human@genes
B) To@map@the@entire@human@genome
C) To@identify@genetic@disorders@only
D) To@enhance@agricultural@crops
, Correct@Answer:@B)@To@map@the@entire@human@genome
Rationale:@The@Human@Genome@Project@aimed@to@sequence@and@understand@all@the@ge
nes@of@the@human@species,@which@has@vast@implications@for@medicine@and@genetics.@Nur
ses@should@be@aware@of@this@project@as@it@informs@genetic@testing@and@treatment@options
.
11. Which@of@the@following@is@an@example@of@a@dominant@trait?
A) Blue@eyes
B) Blood@type@O
C) Hitchhiker's@thumb
D) Cystic@fibrosis
Correct@Answer:@C)@Hitchhiker's@thumb
Rationale:@Hitchhiker's@thumb@is@a@dominant@trait;@the@others@are@either@recessive@or@b
lood@types@determined@by@codominance.@Understanding@dominant@traits@is@crucial@for@
nurses@when@discussing@genetic@inheritance@with@patients.
12. In@a@pedigree@chart,@a@filled@symbol@typically@represents@which@of@the@following?
A) Carrier
B) Affected@individual
C) Male
D) Female
Correct@Answer:@B)@Affected@individual
Rationale:@Filled@symbols@in@a@pedigree@indicate@individuals@expressing@a@particular@tr
ait@or@condition@being@studied.@Knowledge@of@pedigree@charts@is@essential@for@nurses@as
sessing@family@histories@and@genetic@risks.
13. Which@of@the@following@is@true@regarding@sex-linked@traits?
A) They@are@inherited@equally@by@males@and@females.
B) They@are@always@expressed@in@males.
C) They@are@only@found@on@the@Y@chromosome.
D) They@are@typically@more@common@in@males@than@females.
Correct@Answer:@D)@They@are@typically@more@common@in@males@than@females.@Ratio
nale:@Sex-
linked@traits@are@often@carried@on@the@X@chromosome,@leading@to@higher@expression@in
@males,@who@have@only@one@X@chromosome.@Nurses@should@understand@sex-
@linked@inheritance@patterns@for@effective@ genetic@counseling.
14. What@is@the@role@of@messenger@RNA@(mRNA)@in@protein@synthesis?
A) It@catalyzes@the@formation@of@proteins.
B) It@carries@genetic@information@from@DNA@to@ribosomes.
C) It@helps@in@DNA@replication.
D) It@protects@DNA@from@degradation.
Correct@Answer:@B)@It@carries@genetic@information@from@DNA@to@ribosomes.
Rationale:@mRNA@is@crucial@for@translating@genetic@information@into@proteins,@function
ing@as@a@template@for@protein@synthesis.@Understanding@mRNA's@role@aids@nurses@in@di
scussing@genetic@therapies@and@treatments.
15. Which@term@describes@an@organism's@genetic@makeup?
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Allele
D) Trait
Correct@Answer:@B)@Genotype
