NU 327 EXAM 2- 100% APPROVED
TEST WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
isotonic and hypertonic - Answer-appropriate fluid types for patient with overload
obese persons have a low percentage of total body weight when compared to non
obese persons - Answer-how does obesity impact fluid balance
1.5-3 L a day - Answer-what is the recommended amount of daily fluid
1L of water=1Kg of weight - Answer-what is the volume to weight equivalent of water
decreases urination - Answer-how does antidiuretic hormone effect fluid balance?
Na+ levels - Answer-best indicator of fluid status
extracellular - Answer-Sodium: intracellular or extracellular
H20 follows Na+, Na+ follows proteings; Na+ and K+ move in opposition, Na+ and Cl-
usually move together - Answer-what influences Na+ movement
135-145 mEq/L - Answer-normal Na+ level
reabsorbed in the kidney tubules under control of the SNS and renin-angiotensin -
Answer-how is sodium controlled
hypermatremia - Answer-higher than normal levels of Na+
causes of hypermatremia - Answer-fever, vomiting, concentrated food feedings, thirst
defect, strenuous excercise
S&S of hypernatermia - Answer-thirst, dry skin and mucous membranes, fewer tears,
weight loss, tachycardia, thread pulse, slower reflexes, agitation, restlessness, coma,
seizure
, hyponatremia - Answer-lower than normal levels of sodium
causes of hyponatremia - Answer-too little aldosterone, too little cortisol (Addison's
disease), too much ADH
S&S of hyponatremia - Answer-edema, abdominal cramps, full bounding pulse, weight
gain, hemodilution, lethargy,disorientation, confusion, weakness, slow reflexes, seizure,
coma
intracellular - Answer-potassium: extracellular or intracellular
Na/K pump, moves in opposition to Na - Answer-What influences K+ movement?
2.6-5.2 mmol/L - Answer-normal potassium range
renal excretion, intracellular-extracellular shifts - Answer-how is potassium controlled?
causes of hyperkalmia - Answer-decrease urinary excretion, high ingestion, low
aldosterone, renal faillure
hyperkalemia - Answer-higher than normal levels of K+
S&S of hyperkalemia - Answer-changes in the electrical activity of the heart,
paresthesia, muscle weakness, respiratory depress
hypokalemia - Answer-lower than normal levels of K+
causes of hypokalemia - Answer-low intake of K+, high urine input, vominting and GI
suction, burns, alkalosis (reduced H+)
S&S hypokalemia - Answer-inability to concentrate urine and impaired membrane
excitability
PMN; polymorphonuclearcyte neutrophil - Answer-collection of a specific group of
WBCs
Osponization - Answer-something is done to alter a cell wall
keloid - Answer-hypertrophic scar
thermoregulation center - Answer-regulates temperature
pyrexia - Answer-fever
insensible perspiration/loss - Answer-refers to the amount of fluid that you lose through
your skin
TEST WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
isotonic and hypertonic - Answer-appropriate fluid types for patient with overload
obese persons have a low percentage of total body weight when compared to non
obese persons - Answer-how does obesity impact fluid balance
1.5-3 L a day - Answer-what is the recommended amount of daily fluid
1L of water=1Kg of weight - Answer-what is the volume to weight equivalent of water
decreases urination - Answer-how does antidiuretic hormone effect fluid balance?
Na+ levels - Answer-best indicator of fluid status
extracellular - Answer-Sodium: intracellular or extracellular
H20 follows Na+, Na+ follows proteings; Na+ and K+ move in opposition, Na+ and Cl-
usually move together - Answer-what influences Na+ movement
135-145 mEq/L - Answer-normal Na+ level
reabsorbed in the kidney tubules under control of the SNS and renin-angiotensin -
Answer-how is sodium controlled
hypermatremia - Answer-higher than normal levels of Na+
causes of hypermatremia - Answer-fever, vomiting, concentrated food feedings, thirst
defect, strenuous excercise
S&S of hypernatermia - Answer-thirst, dry skin and mucous membranes, fewer tears,
weight loss, tachycardia, thread pulse, slower reflexes, agitation, restlessness, coma,
seizure
, hyponatremia - Answer-lower than normal levels of sodium
causes of hyponatremia - Answer-too little aldosterone, too little cortisol (Addison's
disease), too much ADH
S&S of hyponatremia - Answer-edema, abdominal cramps, full bounding pulse, weight
gain, hemodilution, lethargy,disorientation, confusion, weakness, slow reflexes, seizure,
coma
intracellular - Answer-potassium: extracellular or intracellular
Na/K pump, moves in opposition to Na - Answer-What influences K+ movement?
2.6-5.2 mmol/L - Answer-normal potassium range
renal excretion, intracellular-extracellular shifts - Answer-how is potassium controlled?
causes of hyperkalmia - Answer-decrease urinary excretion, high ingestion, low
aldosterone, renal faillure
hyperkalemia - Answer-higher than normal levels of K+
S&S of hyperkalemia - Answer-changes in the electrical activity of the heart,
paresthesia, muscle weakness, respiratory depress
hypokalemia - Answer-lower than normal levels of K+
causes of hypokalemia - Answer-low intake of K+, high urine input, vominting and GI
suction, burns, alkalosis (reduced H+)
S&S hypokalemia - Answer-inability to concentrate urine and impaired membrane
excitability
PMN; polymorphonuclearcyte neutrophil - Answer-collection of a specific group of
WBCs
Osponization - Answer-something is done to alter a cell wall
keloid - Answer-hypertrophic scar
thermoregulation center - Answer-regulates temperature
pyrexia - Answer-fever
insensible perspiration/loss - Answer-refers to the amount of fluid that you lose through
your skin
