EOSC 114 Continued EXAM NEWEST
VERSION 2025 WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
A+ GRADED
Where is Storm Surge Strongest in Hurricanes (Northern Hem.) - Answers -✔✔ Right
side of the hurricane path due to wind direction and storm motion
SLOSH Model - Answers -✔✔ Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes is a
forecasting model that predicts storm surges in the us
Southern Hem. Hurricane - Answers -✔✔ Storm surge is strongest to the left of the
storm path (opposite direction of rotation)
2 Common Lightning Types - Answers -✔✔ 1. Intra-Cloud (IC)-within the cloud (most
common)
2. Cloud-to-Ground (CG)-reaches the Earths surface→ MOST dangerous to humans
especially positive CG
Lightning Strike Process - Answers -✔✔ 1. Stepped leader (downward negative charge)
moves from cloud
2. Positive streamer rises from ground
3. They meet→ return strokes (bright flash) races back up
4. Can be multiple return strokes per flesh
Voltage Needed to Create Lightning in Air - Answers -✔✔ About 3 billion volts per km
The Anvil - Answers -✔✔ Part of storm that produces strong positive CG lightning-the
flat top of the storm cloud
How Lightning Hurts People - Answers -✔✔ 1. Direct Strike
2. Side Flash (bounces from nearby object)
3. Ground current (travels through Earth)
Leichtenberg Figure - Answers -✔✔ A fern-like pattern burned into skin from lightning
When Lightning is Most Likely to Strike - Answers -✔✔ Late afternoon to early evening -
max heat buildup
30/30 Lightning Safety - Answers -✔✔ If <30 seconds between flash and thunder →
take cover immediately
, Stay sheltered 30 minutes after last thunder
Lightning Safe Places - Answers -✔✔ 1. Fully enclosed metal vehicle
2. Large permanent building
Avoid→ open fields, trees, hills, water, metal poles
Estimate Lightning Distance - Answers -✔✔ Count seconds between flash and
thunder→ divide by 3=km
DART lightning detection - Answers -✔✔ triangulation of signals from multiple stations
(e.g Canadian Lightning Detection Network, Blitzortung)
Cumulonimbus (CB) - Answers -✔✔ Cloud type that is a thunderstorm
Key Components of Thunderstorm - Answers -✔✔ 1. Main Updraft (rising air)
2. Anvil (spreads out at tropopause)
3. Overshooting top (extra dome above anvil)
4. Flanking line (smaller develop clouds)
5. Wall cloud (can spawn tornadoes
6. Rain shaft
3 Stages of Single Thunderstorm Cell - Answers -✔✔ 1. Cumulus stage- updrafts only
2. Mature stage- up & down drafts, rain, thunder
3. Dissipating stage-mostly downdrafts
Thunderstorm Cell Length - Answers -✔✔ 15-45 minutes
Multicell Thunderstorm - Answers -✔✔ a cluster of thunderstorm cells in different
stages→ can last hours
Squall Line - Answers -✔✔ A long line of thunderstorms, often very intense ones,
usually along a cold front.
Often long and narrow
Can bring strong winds & heavy rain
Supercell - Answers -✔✔ A large rotating single-cell storm with strong updraft,
ROTATING MESOCYCLONE→ can cause:
1. tornadoes
2. hail
3. heavy rain
4. lightning
5. long duration
Where Solar Energy is Absorbed - Answers -✔✔ 1. Thermosphere-non-visible light
VERSION 2025 WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
A+ GRADED
Where is Storm Surge Strongest in Hurricanes (Northern Hem.) - Answers -✔✔ Right
side of the hurricane path due to wind direction and storm motion
SLOSH Model - Answers -✔✔ Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes is a
forecasting model that predicts storm surges in the us
Southern Hem. Hurricane - Answers -✔✔ Storm surge is strongest to the left of the
storm path (opposite direction of rotation)
2 Common Lightning Types - Answers -✔✔ 1. Intra-Cloud (IC)-within the cloud (most
common)
2. Cloud-to-Ground (CG)-reaches the Earths surface→ MOST dangerous to humans
especially positive CG
Lightning Strike Process - Answers -✔✔ 1. Stepped leader (downward negative charge)
moves from cloud
2. Positive streamer rises from ground
3. They meet→ return strokes (bright flash) races back up
4. Can be multiple return strokes per flesh
Voltage Needed to Create Lightning in Air - Answers -✔✔ About 3 billion volts per km
The Anvil - Answers -✔✔ Part of storm that produces strong positive CG lightning-the
flat top of the storm cloud
How Lightning Hurts People - Answers -✔✔ 1. Direct Strike
2. Side Flash (bounces from nearby object)
3. Ground current (travels through Earth)
Leichtenberg Figure - Answers -✔✔ A fern-like pattern burned into skin from lightning
When Lightning is Most Likely to Strike - Answers -✔✔ Late afternoon to early evening -
max heat buildup
30/30 Lightning Safety - Answers -✔✔ If <30 seconds between flash and thunder →
take cover immediately
, Stay sheltered 30 minutes after last thunder
Lightning Safe Places - Answers -✔✔ 1. Fully enclosed metal vehicle
2. Large permanent building
Avoid→ open fields, trees, hills, water, metal poles
Estimate Lightning Distance - Answers -✔✔ Count seconds between flash and
thunder→ divide by 3=km
DART lightning detection - Answers -✔✔ triangulation of signals from multiple stations
(e.g Canadian Lightning Detection Network, Blitzortung)
Cumulonimbus (CB) - Answers -✔✔ Cloud type that is a thunderstorm
Key Components of Thunderstorm - Answers -✔✔ 1. Main Updraft (rising air)
2. Anvil (spreads out at tropopause)
3. Overshooting top (extra dome above anvil)
4. Flanking line (smaller develop clouds)
5. Wall cloud (can spawn tornadoes
6. Rain shaft
3 Stages of Single Thunderstorm Cell - Answers -✔✔ 1. Cumulus stage- updrafts only
2. Mature stage- up & down drafts, rain, thunder
3. Dissipating stage-mostly downdrafts
Thunderstorm Cell Length - Answers -✔✔ 15-45 minutes
Multicell Thunderstorm - Answers -✔✔ a cluster of thunderstorm cells in different
stages→ can last hours
Squall Line - Answers -✔✔ A long line of thunderstorms, often very intense ones,
usually along a cold front.
Often long and narrow
Can bring strong winds & heavy rain
Supercell - Answers -✔✔ A large rotating single-cell storm with strong updraft,
ROTATING MESOCYCLONE→ can cause:
1. tornadoes
2. hail
3. heavy rain
4. lightning
5. long duration
Where Solar Energy is Absorbed - Answers -✔✔ 1. Thermosphere-non-visible light
