psy chp 8 notes
Learning- enduring changes in behavior that occur with experience
● Occurs when information moves from short term to long term memory
Association- a process by which two pieces of information from the environment are repeatedly
linked, so that we begin to connect them in our minds
● Learning by connection
● Donuts to sea sickness- 2 events occurring together
Conditioning- a form of associative learning in which behaviors are triggered by associations
with events in the environment
● Erika was conditioned to feel nausea to chocolate donuts
● classical conditioning
● Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning- a form of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes
associated with with a stimulus to which one has an automatic, inborn response
● Ivan Pavlov- dog studies
● Natural salivation
● neutral stimulus- an object or situation that when presented alone does not lead to an
automatic (or unconditioned) response
● Salivated to bell without meat= association
● Unconditioned response(UCR)- the natural, automatic, inborn, and involuntary reaction
to a stimulus
○ unconditioned= unlearned
, ● unconditioned stimulus(UCS)- the environmental input that always produces the same
unlearned, involuntary response
○ Input- meat, response- salivation
● Conditioned stimulus(CS)- a previously neutral input that an organism learns to
associate with the UCS
○ The bell
● Conditioned response(CR)- a behavior that an organism learns to perform when
presented with the CS
○ Salivation
● Multiple pairings od UCS and neutral stimulus (CS) are usually necessary for an
association to occur and for the CS to produce the conditioned response (occasionally
conditioning can occur after a single pairing)
● The UCS and CS must be paired or presented very close together in time in order for an
association to form
● Stimulus generalization- extension of the association between UCS and CS to include a
broad array of similar stimuli
○ Erika felt nauseous to chocolate and glazed donuts
● Stimulus discrimination- the restriction of CR(such as salivation) to onlt the exact CS
which it was conditioned
○ If dog did not react to buzzer but only to bell they would discriminate the bell
● Extinction- the weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response in the absence of
reinforcement
○ Dog stops salivating to the bell over a period of time when there is no meat
Learning- enduring changes in behavior that occur with experience
● Occurs when information moves from short term to long term memory
Association- a process by which two pieces of information from the environment are repeatedly
linked, so that we begin to connect them in our minds
● Learning by connection
● Donuts to sea sickness- 2 events occurring together
Conditioning- a form of associative learning in which behaviors are triggered by associations
with events in the environment
● Erika was conditioned to feel nausea to chocolate donuts
● classical conditioning
● Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning- a form of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes
associated with with a stimulus to which one has an automatic, inborn response
● Ivan Pavlov- dog studies
● Natural salivation
● neutral stimulus- an object or situation that when presented alone does not lead to an
automatic (or unconditioned) response
● Salivated to bell without meat= association
● Unconditioned response(UCR)- the natural, automatic, inborn, and involuntary reaction
to a stimulus
○ unconditioned= unlearned
, ● unconditioned stimulus(UCS)- the environmental input that always produces the same
unlearned, involuntary response
○ Input- meat, response- salivation
● Conditioned stimulus(CS)- a previously neutral input that an organism learns to
associate with the UCS
○ The bell
● Conditioned response(CR)- a behavior that an organism learns to perform when
presented with the CS
○ Salivation
● Multiple pairings od UCS and neutral stimulus (CS) are usually necessary for an
association to occur and for the CS to produce the conditioned response (occasionally
conditioning can occur after a single pairing)
● The UCS and CS must be paired or presented very close together in time in order for an
association to form
● Stimulus generalization- extension of the association between UCS and CS to include a
broad array of similar stimuli
○ Erika felt nauseous to chocolate and glazed donuts
● Stimulus discrimination- the restriction of CR(such as salivation) to onlt the exact CS
which it was conditioned
○ If dog did not react to buzzer but only to bell they would discriminate the bell
● Extinction- the weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response in the absence of
reinforcement
○ Dog stops salivating to the bell over a period of time when there is no meat
