GEOGRAPHY 106 - DEBBANE EXAM
#1(SDSU) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What term refers to the global tensions that distinguish the period between World
War II and 1989? - Answer-Cold War
When did the term "Third World" come into use and what does it describe? Why has
the term fallen out of favor and what has replaced it? - Answer-Originally a political
category during Cold War used to represent developing countries not aligned with
capitalism, NATO, and its allies, nor with communism
a) 1st world: countries aligned with capitalism, NATO; 2nd world: soviet union and
allies
What trade and commodity flows made up the triangular trading systems amongst
Europe, Africa, and the Americas in the Early Modern period? - Answer-1. From
Europe to Africa: weapons, gunpowder, textiles, pearls, other manufactured goods;
traded FOR slaves
2. From Africa to Americas: Slaves sold to sugar, cotton, coffee, rice, etc plantations;
traded FOR goods
3. From Americas to Europe: Mostly agricultural products produced by slave labor;
sugar, cotton, coffee, tobacco, and rice
What two countries were leading colonial expeditions in the Early Modern period (or
weak phase) of European colonization? - Answer-1. Spain
2. Portugal
a) Both were first modern European colonial powers ; sparked first wave of
colonialism
What institutions came into existence at the Bretton Woods conference? For what
purpose were they established? How did their initial geographical focus shift in the
mid-1950s? - Answer-1. World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development): provide loans for the reconstruction of Europe and Japan following
the devastation of the war.
2. International Monetary Fund
3. GATT (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs) turned into WTO (World Trade
Organization)
What historical and global processes and systemic relations have contributed to the
uneven distribution of wealth in the world? - Answer-colonization
What are the processes, practices, and resources that were examined in lecture to
challenge persistent myths and stereotypes describing Sub-Saharan Africa as the
isolated "Dark Continent"? In other words, in what ways is Sub-Saharan Africa
connected to the rest of the world? - Answer-1. Human History
2. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
3. Geological Resources
4. Colonization
5. Post Neo-Colonial Relations
, What European countries established colonial empires on the continent of Africa in
the Late Modern period? - Answer-1. Britain
2. France
3. Netherlands
4. Belgium
5. Germany
6. Italy
What does the term "Scramble for Africa" refer to? - Answer-1. At the Berlin
Conference 1884-85 carved up Africa into 13 non-African countries; reoriented
economy into exports, change in crops, change in land tenure, intro of European
countries, infrastructure geared for export.
2. Lasted 80 years
3. Borders drawn with no regard for existing cultural boundaries; split groups and
placed rivals together, assimilation, taxation
What was the purpose of the transportation networks established in Sub-Saharan
Africa during the colonial period? - Answer-1. To gear colonial economy; export
commodities
2. Train tracks would run directly to coal mines
Why are women in Sub-Saharan Africa more likely than men to be aware of
environmental change? - Answer-Women were doing the farming ( Subsistence
Farming) so they were more aware of the changing environment
In which two sub-regions of Sub-Saharan Africa did European settlement take
place? - Answer-Southern Africa and Eastern Africa(White settlement still remains
today)
What is cartography? - Answer-Subdiscipline of geography concerned with the
construction of maps
a) Reference maps: shows locations of places and geographic features; absolute
locations
b) Thematic maps: degree of an attribute; relative locations
What economic activities (or sectors) make up a country's economy? - Answer-1.
Primary activities (primary sector): concerned directly with natural resources of any
kind
2. Secondary activities (secondary sector): concerned with manufacturing and
processing. They involve processing, transforming, fabricating, or assembling the
raw materials derived from primary activities
3. Tertiary activities (tertiary sector): are those involving the sale and exchange of
goods and services
4. Quaternary activities (quaternary sector): including the handling and processing of
knowledge and info.
Why is GDP per capita an inaccurate measure of economic development and well-
being of a given population? How does HDI make up for these shortcomings? -
Answer-1. Conceals distribution of wealth among population, variations in national
#1(SDSU) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What term refers to the global tensions that distinguish the period between World
War II and 1989? - Answer-Cold War
When did the term "Third World" come into use and what does it describe? Why has
the term fallen out of favor and what has replaced it? - Answer-Originally a political
category during Cold War used to represent developing countries not aligned with
capitalism, NATO, and its allies, nor with communism
a) 1st world: countries aligned with capitalism, NATO; 2nd world: soviet union and
allies
What trade and commodity flows made up the triangular trading systems amongst
Europe, Africa, and the Americas in the Early Modern period? - Answer-1. From
Europe to Africa: weapons, gunpowder, textiles, pearls, other manufactured goods;
traded FOR slaves
2. From Africa to Americas: Slaves sold to sugar, cotton, coffee, rice, etc plantations;
traded FOR goods
3. From Americas to Europe: Mostly agricultural products produced by slave labor;
sugar, cotton, coffee, tobacco, and rice
What two countries were leading colonial expeditions in the Early Modern period (or
weak phase) of European colonization? - Answer-1. Spain
2. Portugal
a) Both were first modern European colonial powers ; sparked first wave of
colonialism
What institutions came into existence at the Bretton Woods conference? For what
purpose were they established? How did their initial geographical focus shift in the
mid-1950s? - Answer-1. World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development): provide loans for the reconstruction of Europe and Japan following
the devastation of the war.
2. International Monetary Fund
3. GATT (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs) turned into WTO (World Trade
Organization)
What historical and global processes and systemic relations have contributed to the
uneven distribution of wealth in the world? - Answer-colonization
What are the processes, practices, and resources that were examined in lecture to
challenge persistent myths and stereotypes describing Sub-Saharan Africa as the
isolated "Dark Continent"? In other words, in what ways is Sub-Saharan Africa
connected to the rest of the world? - Answer-1. Human History
2. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
3. Geological Resources
4. Colonization
5. Post Neo-Colonial Relations
, What European countries established colonial empires on the continent of Africa in
the Late Modern period? - Answer-1. Britain
2. France
3. Netherlands
4. Belgium
5. Germany
6. Italy
What does the term "Scramble for Africa" refer to? - Answer-1. At the Berlin
Conference 1884-85 carved up Africa into 13 non-African countries; reoriented
economy into exports, change in crops, change in land tenure, intro of European
countries, infrastructure geared for export.
2. Lasted 80 years
3. Borders drawn with no regard for existing cultural boundaries; split groups and
placed rivals together, assimilation, taxation
What was the purpose of the transportation networks established in Sub-Saharan
Africa during the colonial period? - Answer-1. To gear colonial economy; export
commodities
2. Train tracks would run directly to coal mines
Why are women in Sub-Saharan Africa more likely than men to be aware of
environmental change? - Answer-Women were doing the farming ( Subsistence
Farming) so they were more aware of the changing environment
In which two sub-regions of Sub-Saharan Africa did European settlement take
place? - Answer-Southern Africa and Eastern Africa(White settlement still remains
today)
What is cartography? - Answer-Subdiscipline of geography concerned with the
construction of maps
a) Reference maps: shows locations of places and geographic features; absolute
locations
b) Thematic maps: degree of an attribute; relative locations
What economic activities (or sectors) make up a country's economy? - Answer-1.
Primary activities (primary sector): concerned directly with natural resources of any
kind
2. Secondary activities (secondary sector): concerned with manufacturing and
processing. They involve processing, transforming, fabricating, or assembling the
raw materials derived from primary activities
3. Tertiary activities (tertiary sector): are those involving the sale and exchange of
goods and services
4. Quaternary activities (quaternary sector): including the handling and processing of
knowledge and info.
Why is GDP per capita an inaccurate measure of economic development and well-
being of a given population? How does HDI make up for these shortcomings? -
Answer-1. Conceals distribution of wealth among population, variations in national
