Pathophysiology pre-test Questions and Answers 2025

Pathophysiology pre-test Questions and
Answers 2025
AAhighAschoolAseniorAsustainedAaAconcussionAduringAaAfootballAgame.AWhichAofAtheA
followingAsignsAandAsymptomsAwouldAindicateAtheApresenceAofApostconcussionAsyndrome
AinAtheAdaysAandAweeksAfollowingAhisAinjury?

SelectAone:
a.AUnilateralAweaknessAandAdecreasedAcoordination
b.ARecurrentAnosebleedsAandAhypersomnia
c.ANeckApainAandAdecreasedAneckArangeAofAmotion
d.AHeadachesAandAmemoryAlapsesA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
d.AHeadachesAandAmemoryAlapsesA

(PostconcussionAsyndromeAincludesAmildAsymptoms,AsuchAasAheadache,Airritability,Ainso
mnia,AandApoorAconcentrationAandAmemory.ANosebleeds,Ahypersomnia,AunilateralAmotorA
changes,AandAneckApainAareAindicativeAofAmoreAsevereAbrainAinjuryAand/orAsoftAtissueAinjur
y.)
MagneticAresonanceAimagingAofAaAclient'sAkneeAhasArevealedAtheApresenceAofAbursitis.ATh
eAnurseAshouldAanticipateAperformingAwhichAinterventionAforAbursitis?
SelectAone:
a.AAdministeringAanAantihistamineAlikeABenadrylAtoAminimizeAinflammation
b.AObtainingAaAsurgicalApermitAtoArepairAtheAbursae
c.APlacingAanAiceApackAonAtheAkneeAtoAdecreaseAswelling
d.AApplyingABuck'sAtractionAwithA10-poundAweightsA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
c.APlacingAanAiceApackAonAtheAkneeAtoAdecreaseAswellingA
(BursaeAcontainAsynovialAfluid,AandAtheyAexistAtoApreventAfrictionAonAaAtendon.ATheyAareAn
ecessaryAinAareasAwhereApressureAisAexertedAbecauseAofAcloseAapproximationAofAjointAstr
uctures.ABursaeAmayAbecomeAinjuredAorAinflamed,AcausingAdiscomfort,Aswelling,AandAlimit
ationAinAmovementAofAtheAinvolvedAarea.ABuck'sAtraction,ABenadryl,AandAsurgeryAareAnotAt
heAstandardAtreatmentAforAbursitis.)
TheAmostArecentAbloodAworkAofAaAclientAwithAaAdiagnosisAofAacuteAmyelogenousAleukemiaA
(AML)ArevealsAthrombocytopenia.AWhereAisAtheAclientAmostAlikelyAtoAexperienceAabnormal
AbleedingAasAaAresultAofAlowAplatelets?

SelectAone:
a.ANephronsAandAureters
b.AInsideAtheAbrain
c.AScleraeAofAtheAeyes
d.ASkinAandAmucousAmembranesA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
d.ASkinAandAmucousAmembranesA

CommonAsitesAforAspontaneousAbleedingAfromAplateletAdisordersAareAtheAskinAandAmucou
sAmembranesAofAtheAnose,Amouth,AgastrointestinalAtract,AandAuterineAcavity.AIntracranialAh

,emorrhageAisArare,AandAneitherAtheAscleraeAnorAtheAkidneysAareAtypicalAsitesAofAspontaneo
usAbleeding.
WhichAofAtheAfollowingAindividualsAlikelyAfacesAtheAgreatestAriskAforAtheAdevelopmentAofAch
ronicAkidneyAdisease?
SelectAone:
a.AAAclientAwithAaArecentAdiagnosisAofAtypeA2AdiabetesAwhoAdoesAnotAmonitorAhisAbloodAsu
garsAorAcontrolAhisAdietA
b.AAAclientAwhoAexperiencedAaAhemorrhagicAstrokeAandAnowAhasAsensoryAandAmotorAdefic
its
c.AAAfirst-timeAmotherAwhoArecentlyAlostA1.5ALAofAbloodAduringAaApostpartumAhemorrhage
d.AAAclientAwhoseAdiagnosisAofAthyroidAcancerAnecessitatedAaAthyroidectomyA-
ACORRECTAANSWERS-

a.AAAclientAwithAaArecentAdiagnosisAofAtypeA2AdiabetesAwhoAdoesAnotAmonitorAhisAbloodAsu
garsAorAcontrolAhisAdietA
(ChronicAkidneyAdiseaseA(CKD)AisAaApathophysiologicAprocessAthatAresultsAinAtheAlossAofAn
ephronsAandAaAdeclineAinArenalAfunctionAthatAhasApersistedAforAmoreAthanA3Amonths.ACKDA
canAresultAfromAdiabetes,Ahypertension,Aglomerulonephritis,AlupusA(SLE),AandApolycysticA
kidneyAdisease.ATheAprevalenceAandAincidenceAofACKDAcontinueAtoAgrow,AreflectingAtheAg
rowingAelderlyApopulationAandAtheAincreasingAnumberAofApeopleAwithAdiabetesAandAhypert
ension.AHemorrhageAmayAresultAinAacuteArenalAfailure,AbutAitAisAnotAassociatedAwithAchroni
cAkidneyAdisease.AStrokeAandAlossAofAtheAthyroidAglandAareAnotAnotedAtoAunderlieAcasesAof
AchronicAkidneyAdisease.)

WhichAofAtheAfollowingAsignsAandAsymptomsAmostAclearlyAsuggestsAtheAneedAforAendosco
pyAtoAruleAoutAesophagealAcancer?
SelectAone:
a.ARecurrentAepisodesAofAgastritisAthatAdoAnotArespondAtoAchangesAinAdiet
b.ADysphagiaAinAanAindividualAwithAnoAhistoryAofAneurologicAdisease
c.AHeartburnAafterAanAindividualAconsumesAhigh-fatAmeals
d.AAAnewAonsetAofAgastroesophagealArefluxAinAaApreviouslyAhealthyAindividualA-
ACORRECTAANSWERS-

b.ADysphagiaAinAanAindividualAwithAnoAhistoryAofAneurologicAdisease

ADysphagiaAisAbyAfarAtheAmostAfrequentAcomplaintAofApersonsAwithAesophagealAcancer.AItAi
sAapparentAfirstAwithAingestionAofAbulkyAfood,AlaterAwithAsoftAfood,AandAfinallyAwithAliquids.A
Heartburn,Areflux,AandAgastritisAareAnotAhealthAproblemsAthatAareAcloselyAassociatedAwithAt
heAdevelopmentAofAesophagealAcancer.
MajorAhistocompatibilityAcomplexA(MHC)Amolecules,AwithAhumanAleukocyteAantigensA(HL
As),AareAmarkersAonAallAnucleatedAcellsAandAhaveAanAimportantAroleAin:
SelectAone:
a.ACellAmembraneAtransport
b.AAvoidingAtransplantArejections
c.AIdentifyingAbloodAtypes
d.ASuppressingAviralAreplicationA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
b.AAvoidingAtransplantArejections

, AMHCAandAHLAAmarkersAareAuniqueAforAeachAindividual,AexceptApossiblyAforAidenticalAtwin
s.ATissueAandAorganAtransplantationAsuccessAisAdependentAonAhowAcloselyAmatchedAtheA
MHCAmoleculesAandAHLAsAareAonAtheAdonorAandArecipient.AMHCAmoleculesAandAHLAsAar
eAnotAinvolvedAinAtransportAorAviralAreplication.ARedAbloodAcellsAdoAnotAhaveAaAnucleusAand
AthusAdoAnotAhaveAHLAAorAMHCAmoleculesAonAtheAsurface.

AA70-year-
oldAmaleAclientAhasAbeenAadmittedAtoAaAhospitalAforAtheAtreatmentAofAaArecentAhemorrhagi
cAstrokeAthatAhasAleftAhimAwithAnumerousAmotorAandAsensoryAdeficits.ATheseAdeficitsAareA
mostAlikelyAtheAresultAofAwhichAofAtheAfollowingAmechanismsAofAcellAinjury?
SelectAone:
a.AFreeAradicalAinjury
b.AImpairedAcalciumAhomeostasis
c.AHypoxiaAandAATPAdepletion
d.AInterferenceAwithADNAAsynthesisA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
c.AHypoxiaAandAATPAdepletion

AStrokeAisAcharacterizedAbyAimpairedAcerebralAcirculationAandAconsequentAdeathAofAneuro
nsAfromAcellularAhypoxia.AFreeAradicalAinjury,AabnormalADNAAsynthesis,AandAimpairedAcalc
iumAhomeostasisAareAnotAdirectAconsequencesAofAlackAofAbloodAflowAtoAbodyAcells.
AA48-year-
oldAmaleAclient,AwhoAnormallyAenjoysAgoodAhealth,AhasAbeenAadmittedAtoAtheAhospitalAforAt
heAtreatmentAofApolycythemiaAvera.ATheAnurseAwhoAisAprovidingAcareAforAtheAclientAshould
AprioritizeAassessmentsAaimedAatAtheAearlyAidentificationAofAwhichAofAtheAfollowingAhealthAp

roblems?
SelectAone:
a.AThromboembolism
b.AHyperventilation
c.AVasculitis
d.AOrthostaticAhypotensionA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-a.AThromboembolismA

TheAincreasedAbloodAviscosityAthatAaccompaniesAprimaryApolycythemiaAcreatesAaAsignific
antAriskAofAthromboembolism.AHypertension,AnotAhypotension,AisAalsoAaAcommonAsign.AVa
sculitisAandAhyperventilationAareAunlikelyAtoAresultAdirectlyAfromApolycythemiaAvera.
AA59-year-
oldAwomanAwithAaArecentAdiagnosisAofAbreastAcancerAhasAbegunAaAcourseAofAhormoneAthe
rapy.AWhatAisAtheAgoalAofAthisApharmacologicAtreatment?
SelectAone:
a.AIncreasingAserumAhormoneAlevelsAtoApromoteAtumorAcellAlysis
b.ABlockingAeffectsAofAestrogenAonAtheAgrowthAofAmalignantAcells
c.ABlockingAtheAentryAofAmalignantAcellsAintoAtheAaxillaryAlymphAnodes
d.ABlockingAtheAeffectsAofAprogesteroneAonAtumorAgrowthA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
b.ABlockingAeffectsAofAestrogenAonAtheAgrowthAofAmalignantAcellsA

HormoneAtherapyAisAusedAtoAblockAtheAeffectsAofAestrogenAonAtheAgrowthAofAbreastAcancer
Acells.AAmongAtheAmostAcommonAdrugsAusedAforAhormoneAtherapyAisAtamoxifen,AaAnonste

roidalAantiestrogenAthatAbindsAtoAestrogenAreceptorsAandAblocksAtheAeffectsAofAestrogensA