Btec Applied Science Unit 3

Btec Applied Science Unit 3 .Converting units - ANSWER-1 kilojoule (KJ) = 1000 Joules (J) 1 kilometer (KM) = 1000 Meters (m) 1 Kilogram (KG) = 1000 grams (g) 1 kilocalorie (Kcal) = 1000 calories (cal) .How can energy be calculated? - ANSWER-Heat of combustion (kJ mol-1)= ((heat energy to water (kJ) x relative molecuar mass of fuel)) / Mass of fuel burnt (g) .How can enzyme reactions be measured? - ANSWER-They can be measured by measuring a decrease in the substance. By measuring the increase in the product, this makes is easier because you know the starting measurement for the product will be 0. .How can humans have a negative effect on plant growth? - ANSWER-Trampling. Picking wildflowers. Removing hedges/tress. .How can humans have an effect of the distribution of plants? - ANSWER-Sowing crops means field with only one type of plant. Trampling can cause unusual or more widespread distribution patterns due to seeds being carried on the bottom of shoes. .How can you investigate the energy in food or fuel? - ANSWER-You can investigate the energy in food or fuel by burning the food or fuel under a certain volume of water using a calorimeter. .How do humans improve the growth of crops? - ANSWER-They correct soil pH, optimum watering. Correct nutrients present .How do plants take up mineral ions? - ANSWER-Through their roots .How do you know if the data is anomalous? - ANSWER-It doesn't fit into the pattern of the other results. It does not lie close to the line of best fit. .How many different R groups are there? - ANSWER-There are 20 different R groups which means there are 20 different amino acids. .In a biochemical reaction what are substrates converted to? - ANSWER-They are converted into products. .The active site is a specific shape that only the substrate will fit, What happens to the active site is the temperature goes too high? - ANSWER-The temperature is too high, the hydrogen bond will break. This means the enzyme changes its shape so the active site loses its shape. The enzyme is denatured and co no longer act as a catalyst. .What Abiotic factors can affect plant population? - ANSWER-The soil type/ moisture/ pH. Topography, for example steepness of slopes. Temperature. .What are amino acids linked together by? - ANSWER-Peptide Bonds. .What are bar charts used for? - ANSWER-They are used for discrete data but can be used to compare different sets of data. .What are proteins made up of? - ANSWER-amino acids .What are risk assessments? - ANSWER-It identifies hazards, evaluates the risks associated with those hazards and it determines ways to eliminate or control those risks. .What are secondary structures held in shape by? - ANSWER-Hydrogen bonds between the -NH of one of the peptide link and the -C=O of another amino acid .What are some examples of SOPs? - ANSWER-Titration, Handling of chemicals, disposal of waste, qualitative analytical tests, preparing solutions .What are some types of data? - ANSWER-The data can be continuous such as the age of plant ir number of plants. Some data can be a mixture of numbers and names such as the number of different types of plants found in a garden. .What are the effects of too little rainfall in plants? - ANSWER-Yellow leaves, dry leaves and ground cracks .What are the effects of too much rainfall in plants? - ANSWER-Yellow leaves, Rotted roots, minerals and nutrients washed away and soil erosion. .What are the Key features of a good hypothesis? - ANSWER-A good Hypothesis must: Be able to be tested scientifically Relate one dependent variable to on independent variable .What are the most common shapes of secondary structures? - ANSWER-Coiled α-helix and folded β-pleated sheet .What are the properties of gases? - ANSWER-They completely fill container and they can flow and move randomly. They can be compressed or squased. .What are the properties of liquids? - ANSWER-They take shape of a container, they flow and move randomly. They cannot be compressed or squashed. .What are the properties of solids? - ANSWER-They are in a fixed shape and they cannot flow. They cant be compressed or squashed. .What can cause the anomalous data? - ANSWER-Not following the method correctly. inaccurate measuring/recording and impurities. .What can diffusion occur across? - ANSWER-It can occur across a membrane. As long as the molecules are small enough to pass through the membrane then diffusion will occur .What can misreading the observations cause - ANSWER-They can cause qualitative errors. .What can piolet study's do? - ANSWER-They can help you work out your sampling size. .What can power refer to? - ANSWER-It can refer to physical work or electrical power. .What can the concentration of the enzyme and substrate affect? - ANSWER-The rate of reaction. .What catalysts are enzymes? - ANSWER-They are biological catalysts. .What data is normally displayed on a bar chart? - ANSWER-Continuous data. You need to make sure its a smooth curve of best fit, and that the curve goes through or near most of the points.