Psychology 2010 Exam #1 Clemson
Watson - Correct Answer-studied behaviorism
behaviorism - Correct Answer-only focuses on behaviors (what one can see) and not on
mental processes
cognitive revolution - Correct Answer-1960s to present
uses the concept that the brain is similar to a computer
hindsight bias - Correct Answer-after learning an outcome of an event, many people
believe that they could have predicted that very outcome
"I knew it all along"
examples: 9/11, Iraq War
overconfience - Correct Answer-individual thinks he/she knows more than they actually
know
example: anagram experiment
theory - Correct Answer-possible explanation that can predict behavior or events
control - Correct Answer-using the theory to control these behaviors
Plato and Descartes - Correct Answer-believed knowledge was innate (nature)
Aristotle and Locke - Correct Answer-believed knowledge was acquired through
experience (nurture)
Wilhelm Wundt - Correct Answer-Father of modern psychology
Developed structuralism
structuralism - Correct Answer-studies elements of consciousness
focuses on the structure and organization of the mind
Titchener - Correct Answer-Structuralism and introspection
asked people how they thought/felt
psychology - Correct Answer-scientific study of behavior and mental processes
behavior - Correct Answer-something we can "see" (body language)
mental process - Correct Answer-something we can't see (thinking, feeling,
remembering)
, Four generic goals of psychology - Correct Answer-describe, understand, predict,
control
describe - Correct Answer-illustrating what behavior or mental process is occurring
understand - Correct Answer-looking at why the behavior or mental process occurs
(theories)
predict - Correct Answer-investigating whether the theory is the cause of the behavior
by conducting experiments or surveys
introspection - Correct Answer-examination of one's own thoughts and feelings
flaw: individual might not have access to everything he/she is feeling
William James - Correct Answer-studied functionalism
functionalism - Correct Answer-studied the purpose of mental processes in adaptive
behavior
studied functions of conciousness
Freud - Correct Answer-studied psychoanalysis
lots of his studies were controversial, but he was highly influential
psychoanalysis - Correct Answer-studied importance of the unconscious mind and its
effects on human behavior
hypothesis - Correct Answer-testable prediction, often prompted by a theory, to enable
us to accept, reject, or revise theory
research - Correct Answer-requires us to administer tests (manipulate variables)
variables - Correct Answer-specific factors that are manipulated and measured in
research
operational definitions - Correct Answer-hypothesis must be stated in terms of
operations and methods which will be used to measure it
examples: people "college students"
low self-esteem "less than average"
depressed "higher than average"
naturalistic observation (including advantages/disadvantages) - Correct Answer-process
of watching without interfering as behavior occurs in the natural environment
example: observing gorillas
advantages: lots of rich data, difficult to replicate in lab
Watson - Correct Answer-studied behaviorism
behaviorism - Correct Answer-only focuses on behaviors (what one can see) and not on
mental processes
cognitive revolution - Correct Answer-1960s to present
uses the concept that the brain is similar to a computer
hindsight bias - Correct Answer-after learning an outcome of an event, many people
believe that they could have predicted that very outcome
"I knew it all along"
examples: 9/11, Iraq War
overconfience - Correct Answer-individual thinks he/she knows more than they actually
know
example: anagram experiment
theory - Correct Answer-possible explanation that can predict behavior or events
control - Correct Answer-using the theory to control these behaviors
Plato and Descartes - Correct Answer-believed knowledge was innate (nature)
Aristotle and Locke - Correct Answer-believed knowledge was acquired through
experience (nurture)
Wilhelm Wundt - Correct Answer-Father of modern psychology
Developed structuralism
structuralism - Correct Answer-studies elements of consciousness
focuses on the structure and organization of the mind
Titchener - Correct Answer-Structuralism and introspection
asked people how they thought/felt
psychology - Correct Answer-scientific study of behavior and mental processes
behavior - Correct Answer-something we can "see" (body language)
mental process - Correct Answer-something we can't see (thinking, feeling,
remembering)
, Four generic goals of psychology - Correct Answer-describe, understand, predict,
control
describe - Correct Answer-illustrating what behavior or mental process is occurring
understand - Correct Answer-looking at why the behavior or mental process occurs
(theories)
predict - Correct Answer-investigating whether the theory is the cause of the behavior
by conducting experiments or surveys
introspection - Correct Answer-examination of one's own thoughts and feelings
flaw: individual might not have access to everything he/she is feeling
William James - Correct Answer-studied functionalism
functionalism - Correct Answer-studied the purpose of mental processes in adaptive
behavior
studied functions of conciousness
Freud - Correct Answer-studied psychoanalysis
lots of his studies were controversial, but he was highly influential
psychoanalysis - Correct Answer-studied importance of the unconscious mind and its
effects on human behavior
hypothesis - Correct Answer-testable prediction, often prompted by a theory, to enable
us to accept, reject, or revise theory
research - Correct Answer-requires us to administer tests (manipulate variables)
variables - Correct Answer-specific factors that are manipulated and measured in
research
operational definitions - Correct Answer-hypothesis must be stated in terms of
operations and methods which will be used to measure it
examples: people "college students"
low self-esteem "less than average"
depressed "higher than average"
naturalistic observation (including advantages/disadvantages) - Correct Answer-process
of watching without interfering as behavior occurs in the natural environment
example: observing gorillas
advantages: lots of rich data, difficult to replicate in lab
