criminal justice 2880 exam 1 clemson
theory of differential association - Correct Answer-the theory that people become
criminals because they encounter more influences that view criminal behavior as normal
and acceptable than they do influences that are hostile to criminal behavior
control theories - Correct Answer-theories holding that criminal behavior occurs when
the bonds that tie an individual to society are broken or weakened
labeling theories - Correct Answer-theories emphasizing that the causes of criminal
behavior are not found in the individual but in the social process that labels certain acts
as deviant or criminal
social conflict theories - Correct Answer-theories that assume criminal law and the
criminal justice system are primarily a means of controlling the poor and the have-nots
life course theories - Correct Answer-theories that identify factors affecting the start,
duration, nature, and end of criminal behavior over the life of an offender
federalism - Correct Answer-a system of government in which power is divided between
a central (national) government and regional (state) governments
system - Correct Answer-a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose
operations are directed towards foals and are influenced by the environment within
which they function
felonies - Correct Answer-serious crimes usually carrying a penalty of death or of
incarceration for more than one year
misdemeanors - Correct Answer-offenses less serious than felonies and usually
punishable by incarceration of no more than one year in jail, probation, or intermediate
sanctions
visible crime - Correct Answer-An offense against persons or property that is committed
primarily by members of the lower social classes. Often referred to as "street crime" or
"ordinary crime," this type of offense is the one most upsetting to the public.
violent crime - Correct Answer-crimes against people in which force is employed to rob,
produce physical injury, or cause death
property crime - Correct Answer-Crimes in which property is damaged or stolen
, public order crimes - Correct Answer-Acts, such as public drunkenness and disorderly
conduct, that threaten society's well-being and make citizens fearful.
victimless crimes - Correct Answer-Offenses involving a willing and private exchange of
illegal goods or services that are in strong demand. Participants do not feel they are
being harmed, but these crimes are prosecuted on the ground that society as a whole is
being injured.
political crimes - Correct Answer-An act, usually done for ideological purposes, that
constitutes a threat against the state (such as treason, sedition, or espionage); also
describes a criminal act by the state.
occupational crime - Correct Answer-criminal offenses committed through opportunities
created in a legal business or occupation
organized crime - Correct Answer-a framework for the perpetuation of criminal acts-
usually in fields such as gambling, drugs, and prostitution- providing illegal services that
are in great demand
crime - Correct Answer-a specific act of commission or omission in violation of the law,
for which a punishment is prescribed
crime control model - Correct Answer-A model of the criminal justice system that
assumes freedom is so important that every effort must be made to repress crime; it
emphasizes efficiency, speed, finality, and the capacity to apprehend, try, convict, and
dispose of a high proportion of offenders.
due process model - Correct Answer-A model of the criminal justice system that
assumes freedom is so important that every effort must be made to ensure that criminal
justice decisions are based on reliable information; it emphasizes the adversarial
process, the rights of defendants, and formal decision-making procedures.
mala in se - Correct Answer-offenses that are wrong by their very nature (murder, rape,
and theft)
mala prohibita - Correct Answer-offenses prohibited by law but not wrong in themselves
(speeding, public intoxication)
money laundering - Correct Answer-moving the proceeds of criminal activities through a
maze of businesses, banks, and brokerage accounts so as to disguise their origin
transnational crime - Correct Answer-profit-seeking criminal activities that involve
planning, execution, or victimization that crosses national borders
cybercrime - Correct Answer-offenses that involve the use of one or more computers
theory of differential association - Correct Answer-the theory that people become
criminals because they encounter more influences that view criminal behavior as normal
and acceptable than they do influences that are hostile to criminal behavior
control theories - Correct Answer-theories holding that criminal behavior occurs when
the bonds that tie an individual to society are broken or weakened
labeling theories - Correct Answer-theories emphasizing that the causes of criminal
behavior are not found in the individual but in the social process that labels certain acts
as deviant or criminal
social conflict theories - Correct Answer-theories that assume criminal law and the
criminal justice system are primarily a means of controlling the poor and the have-nots
life course theories - Correct Answer-theories that identify factors affecting the start,
duration, nature, and end of criminal behavior over the life of an offender
federalism - Correct Answer-a system of government in which power is divided between
a central (national) government and regional (state) governments
system - Correct Answer-a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose
operations are directed towards foals and are influenced by the environment within
which they function
felonies - Correct Answer-serious crimes usually carrying a penalty of death or of
incarceration for more than one year
misdemeanors - Correct Answer-offenses less serious than felonies and usually
punishable by incarceration of no more than one year in jail, probation, or intermediate
sanctions
visible crime - Correct Answer-An offense against persons or property that is committed
primarily by members of the lower social classes. Often referred to as "street crime" or
"ordinary crime," this type of offense is the one most upsetting to the public.
violent crime - Correct Answer-crimes against people in which force is employed to rob,
produce physical injury, or cause death
property crime - Correct Answer-Crimes in which property is damaged or stolen
, public order crimes - Correct Answer-Acts, such as public drunkenness and disorderly
conduct, that threaten society's well-being and make citizens fearful.
victimless crimes - Correct Answer-Offenses involving a willing and private exchange of
illegal goods or services that are in strong demand. Participants do not feel they are
being harmed, but these crimes are prosecuted on the ground that society as a whole is
being injured.
political crimes - Correct Answer-An act, usually done for ideological purposes, that
constitutes a threat against the state (such as treason, sedition, or espionage); also
describes a criminal act by the state.
occupational crime - Correct Answer-criminal offenses committed through opportunities
created in a legal business or occupation
organized crime - Correct Answer-a framework for the perpetuation of criminal acts-
usually in fields such as gambling, drugs, and prostitution- providing illegal services that
are in great demand
crime - Correct Answer-a specific act of commission or omission in violation of the law,
for which a punishment is prescribed
crime control model - Correct Answer-A model of the criminal justice system that
assumes freedom is so important that every effort must be made to repress crime; it
emphasizes efficiency, speed, finality, and the capacity to apprehend, try, convict, and
dispose of a high proportion of offenders.
due process model - Correct Answer-A model of the criminal justice system that
assumes freedom is so important that every effort must be made to ensure that criminal
justice decisions are based on reliable information; it emphasizes the adversarial
process, the rights of defendants, and formal decision-making procedures.
mala in se - Correct Answer-offenses that are wrong by their very nature (murder, rape,
and theft)
mala prohibita - Correct Answer-offenses prohibited by law but not wrong in themselves
(speeding, public intoxication)
money laundering - Correct Answer-moving the proceeds of criminal activities through a
maze of businesses, banks, and brokerage accounts so as to disguise their origin
transnational crime - Correct Answer-profit-seeking criminal activities that involve
planning, execution, or victimization that crosses national borders
cybercrime - Correct Answer-offenses that involve the use of one or more computers
