Clemson Geology 1010 - Exam #2
compaction - Correct Answer-sediment loses porosity, smush the sediment particles
together (pack layers together)
cementation - Correct Answer-hardening of clastic sediments by precipitation in the
pore spaces, water acts as a natural cement
1. detrital (clastic) - Correct Answer--sedimentary rock
produced by physical weathering
-classified by grain size
classifications of detrital sediment - Correct Answer-grain size: gravel, sand, silt, clay
detrital sorting - Correct Answer--well sorted: uniform size and shape grains
-poorly sorted: wide range of grain sizes
detrital rounding - Correct Answer-how round are the particles?
-well, moderate, or poor
-tells you how long the erosion distance was (further it is, the smoother)
what type of rock is conglomerate and breccia - Correct Answer-sedimentary, detrital,
gravel grain size
Mt. Resnik - Correct Answer-Antarctic Volcano, under 2 miles of ice, helping sceintists
study movement of Antarcticas glaciers
-new application of volcanology
Why do we care about Sedimentary processes? - Correct Answer-most common type of
rock on Earth's surface
-oil, coal, fossils, agriculture, building materials, mudslides
Parent Rock - Correct Answer-exposed to weathering
Processes to form sedimentary rock - Correct Answer-weathering
erosion
deposition
lithification
weathering can be ____ or ____ - Correct Answer-chemical or physical
1. weathering - Correct Answer-breaking down the parent rock
, physical weathering - Correct Answer-physically busting rock down, mechanical
ex. plant roots break sidewalks, move rocks around
ex. frost wedging: water freezes in a crack, expands, breaks it (good example of
uniformitarianism)
frost wedging is an example of ____ - Correct Answer-physical weathering and
uniformitarianism
chemical weathering - Correct Answer-chemically break down the rock
-much more common than physical
-Bowens reaction series upside down
ex. chem weathering with water
-durable minerals to soft minerals (feldspar to kaolinite)
saprolite is an example of ____ - Correct Answer-chemical weathering (called rotten
rock)
-extreme chem weathering (barely holding together)
2. erosion - Correct Answer-process of breaking down rock and moving to a new
location
*requires energy*
3. deposition - Correct Answer-mineral and rock from erosion are deposited
basin - Correct Answer-natural depression location where sediment is deposited
ex. pothole or ocean, both are basins
accommodation space - Correct Answer-amount of space available to accommodate
sediment in the basin
subsidence - Correct Answer-lowering of the ground level in basin due to heavy
components compressing it, creates more accommodation space! its a cycle
strata - Correct Answer-layers or beds of rock formed by deposition
4. lithification - Correct Answer-process of becoming solid rock
2 steps of lithification - Correct Answer-compaction
cementation
what type of rock is sandstone - Correct Answer-sedimentary, detrital, sand grain size
what type of rock is mudrock - Correct Answer-sedimentary, detrital, clay grain size
2. chemical sediment - Correct Answer-classification of sedimentary rock
formed by chemical weathering
compaction - Correct Answer-sediment loses porosity, smush the sediment particles
together (pack layers together)
cementation - Correct Answer-hardening of clastic sediments by precipitation in the
pore spaces, water acts as a natural cement
1. detrital (clastic) - Correct Answer--sedimentary rock
produced by physical weathering
-classified by grain size
classifications of detrital sediment - Correct Answer-grain size: gravel, sand, silt, clay
detrital sorting - Correct Answer--well sorted: uniform size and shape grains
-poorly sorted: wide range of grain sizes
detrital rounding - Correct Answer-how round are the particles?
-well, moderate, or poor
-tells you how long the erosion distance was (further it is, the smoother)
what type of rock is conglomerate and breccia - Correct Answer-sedimentary, detrital,
gravel grain size
Mt. Resnik - Correct Answer-Antarctic Volcano, under 2 miles of ice, helping sceintists
study movement of Antarcticas glaciers
-new application of volcanology
Why do we care about Sedimentary processes? - Correct Answer-most common type of
rock on Earth's surface
-oil, coal, fossils, agriculture, building materials, mudslides
Parent Rock - Correct Answer-exposed to weathering
Processes to form sedimentary rock - Correct Answer-weathering
erosion
deposition
lithification
weathering can be ____ or ____ - Correct Answer-chemical or physical
1. weathering - Correct Answer-breaking down the parent rock
, physical weathering - Correct Answer-physically busting rock down, mechanical
ex. plant roots break sidewalks, move rocks around
ex. frost wedging: water freezes in a crack, expands, breaks it (good example of
uniformitarianism)
frost wedging is an example of ____ - Correct Answer-physical weathering and
uniformitarianism
chemical weathering - Correct Answer-chemically break down the rock
-much more common than physical
-Bowens reaction series upside down
ex. chem weathering with water
-durable minerals to soft minerals (feldspar to kaolinite)
saprolite is an example of ____ - Correct Answer-chemical weathering (called rotten
rock)
-extreme chem weathering (barely holding together)
2. erosion - Correct Answer-process of breaking down rock and moving to a new
location
*requires energy*
3. deposition - Correct Answer-mineral and rock from erosion are deposited
basin - Correct Answer-natural depression location where sediment is deposited
ex. pothole or ocean, both are basins
accommodation space - Correct Answer-amount of space available to accommodate
sediment in the basin
subsidence - Correct Answer-lowering of the ground level in basin due to heavy
components compressing it, creates more accommodation space! its a cycle
strata - Correct Answer-layers or beds of rock formed by deposition
4. lithification - Correct Answer-process of becoming solid rock
2 steps of lithification - Correct Answer-compaction
cementation
what type of rock is sandstone - Correct Answer-sedimentary, detrital, sand grain size
what type of rock is mudrock - Correct Answer-sedimentary, detrital, clay grain size
2. chemical sediment - Correct Answer-classification of sedimentary rock
formed by chemical weathering
