UBC BIOL 336 Final
Variance in male reproductive success is - Correct Answer-greater than the variance in
female reproductive success
more evenly spread proportion of females are successful whereas males are competing
Operational sex ratio - Correct Answer-more males than females because the females
are tied up caring for the offspring and investing energy in pregnancy therefore are
unable to mate
Risk - Correct Answer-females have a higher risk when breeding then males do
because they have a higher investment
intrasexual competiton - Correct Answer-males compete with each other and the female
mates with the winner
intersexual competiton - Correct Answer-female choice
females select males according to their qualities
intersexual
DIRECT BENEFITS - Correct Answer-choose males that give her resourcres or
protection
-nutrition, protect the territory
intersexual
GOOD GENES HYPOTHESIS - Correct Answer-choose the males with good genes so
her offspring do better
often choose a trait correlated to a useful one
HONEST INDICATOR - Correct Answer-if any male can make the trait, then it is not
special, and not an honest indicator of quality
how much energy can he invest in this
more energy = better offspring
Handicap Principle (Zahavi) of Honest indicators - Correct Answer-if its not costly then
anyone can do it
females are selected to choose the harmful outlandish trait because only the strongest
males can afford to waste that much energy
, dioecious - Correct Answer-distinct male and female reproductive systems
gonochoristic - Correct Answer-having only one of two sexes in any one individual
organism
no hermaphrodites
most animals are - Correct Answer-dioecious and gonochoristic
plants are dioceious but not gonochoristic because - Correct Answer-they want to
minimize selfing but maximize breeding
Fishers sex ratio - Correct Answer-frequency dependent selection keeps the male to
female ratio 1:1
male producing alleles more fit when males are rare
female producing alleles more fit when females are rare
competition reduces - Correct Answer-energy that could be spend on reproduction
reduced gamete size - Correct Answer-competition between eurkaryotes.
same size gametes means more babies
Tragedy of the Commons - Correct Answer-individuals arent has reproductively
productive because they wasted energy on competing with each other
asexuality - Correct Answer-doesnt last long because the organism fails to diversify
sex = - Correct Answer-recombination
with an environmental change, recombination may allow a sexual lineage to better
adapt
Mullers Ratchet - Correct Answer-even in a stable environment, being asexual is shitty
fixation of deleterious alleles is rare, but when it happens its permanent. Asexuals have
no way of getting rid of this
all the individuals are less fit and suffer a slow irreversible decline
Protection from Mullers Ratchet - Correct Answer-recombination from sex
Two fold cost of sex - Correct Answer-1. males are wasted because the # of eggs
depends on the # of females
2. if 1/2 of your eggs are sons then 1/2 of your productivity is wasted
Variance in male reproductive success is - Correct Answer-greater than the variance in
female reproductive success
more evenly spread proportion of females are successful whereas males are competing
Operational sex ratio - Correct Answer-more males than females because the females
are tied up caring for the offspring and investing energy in pregnancy therefore are
unable to mate
Risk - Correct Answer-females have a higher risk when breeding then males do
because they have a higher investment
intrasexual competiton - Correct Answer-males compete with each other and the female
mates with the winner
intersexual competiton - Correct Answer-female choice
females select males according to their qualities
intersexual
DIRECT BENEFITS - Correct Answer-choose males that give her resourcres or
protection
-nutrition, protect the territory
intersexual
GOOD GENES HYPOTHESIS - Correct Answer-choose the males with good genes so
her offspring do better
often choose a trait correlated to a useful one
HONEST INDICATOR - Correct Answer-if any male can make the trait, then it is not
special, and not an honest indicator of quality
how much energy can he invest in this
more energy = better offspring
Handicap Principle (Zahavi) of Honest indicators - Correct Answer-if its not costly then
anyone can do it
females are selected to choose the harmful outlandish trait because only the strongest
males can afford to waste that much energy
, dioecious - Correct Answer-distinct male and female reproductive systems
gonochoristic - Correct Answer-having only one of two sexes in any one individual
organism
no hermaphrodites
most animals are - Correct Answer-dioecious and gonochoristic
plants are dioceious but not gonochoristic because - Correct Answer-they want to
minimize selfing but maximize breeding
Fishers sex ratio - Correct Answer-frequency dependent selection keeps the male to
female ratio 1:1
male producing alleles more fit when males are rare
female producing alleles more fit when females are rare
competition reduces - Correct Answer-energy that could be spend on reproduction
reduced gamete size - Correct Answer-competition between eurkaryotes.
same size gametes means more babies
Tragedy of the Commons - Correct Answer-individuals arent has reproductively
productive because they wasted energy on competing with each other
asexuality - Correct Answer-doesnt last long because the organism fails to diversify
sex = - Correct Answer-recombination
with an environmental change, recombination may allow a sexual lineage to better
adapt
Mullers Ratchet - Correct Answer-even in a stable environment, being asexual is shitty
fixation of deleterious alleles is rare, but when it happens its permanent. Asexuals have
no way of getting rid of this
all the individuals are less fit and suffer a slow irreversible decline
Protection from Mullers Ratchet - Correct Answer-recombination from sex
Two fold cost of sex - Correct Answer-1. males are wasted because the # of eggs
depends on the # of females
2. if 1/2 of your eggs are sons then 1/2 of your productivity is wasted
