Learning Outcome Answers (also in quizlet):
Inhibitor
alesterosype
04.01.01 Discuss the cell theory. 1
A: Three principles- all organisms are composed of one or
more cells, and the life processes of metabolism and heredity
occur within these cells, cells are the smallest living things, the
basic units of organization of all organisms, cells arise only by
division of a previously existing cell
04.01.02 Describe the factors that limit cell size. 1
A: Relates to the diffusion of substances in and out of cells,
the rate of diffusion is affected by…
1. Surface area available for diffusion
2. Temperature
3. Concentration gradient of diffusing substance
4. Distance over which diffusion must occur
04.01.03 Categorize structural and functional similarities in 1
cells.
A:
1. Nucleoid or nucleus (genetic material here)
2. Cytoplasm
3. Ribosomes (synthesize proteins)
4. Plasma membrane
04.02.01 Explain how our view of prokaryotic cell structure has 4
changed.
A: They have been described as small, simple cells with a
plasma membrane containing cytoplasm with genetic
material and ribosomes encased by a cell wall. While this was
accurate, it's oversimplified. They were thought to lack any
membrane-bounded organelles which form components in
eukaryotes, however they do have specific organelles that
provide specialized functions.
04.02.02 Distinguish between bacterial and archaeal cell 1
types.
A: The structure of their membrane lipids differ, archaeal
membrane lipids include saturated hydrocarbons that are
covalently attached to glycerol at both ends, which forms a
monolayer membrane.
04.03.01 Compare the organization of eukaryotic and 1
, prokaryotic cells.
A:
Eukaryotic: More complex with compartlementilization- uses
extensive endomembrane system to weave through cell
interior by numerous organelles. They also are supported by
an internal protein scaffold, the cytoskeleton made of chitin
or cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides
and proteins.
Prokaryotic: Has a nucleoid and a dense central region
separate from the cytoplasm and hair like growths outside
(pilus).
04.03.02 Discuss the role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. 2
A: The nucleus acts as an information center where it
contains genetic information that enables the synthesis of
nearly all proteins of a living eukaryotic cell.
04.03.03 Describe the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis. 1
A: Ribosomes are the cell’s protein synthesis machinery.
04.04.01 Identify the different parts of the endomembrane 1
system.
A: The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes,
Vesicles, and Plasma Membrane
The endomembrane system: fills the cell, dividing into
compartments, channeling the passage of molecules through
the interior of the cell, and providing surfaces for the
synthesis of lipids and some proteins.
04.04.02 Contrast the different functions of internal 1
membranes and compartments.
A:
- The rough ER is a site of protein synthesis
- The smooth ER stores intercellular ca2+ to keep
cytoplasmic levels low, it also modifies foreign
substances to make them less toxic
- The golgi apparatus sorts and packages proteins
- Lysosomes are digestive vesicle that arise from the
golgi
04.05.01 Describe the structure of mitochondria and 2
chloroplasts.
A: They are both surrounded by a double membrane and
Inhibitor
alesterosype
04.01.01 Discuss the cell theory. 1
A: Three principles- all organisms are composed of one or
more cells, and the life processes of metabolism and heredity
occur within these cells, cells are the smallest living things, the
basic units of organization of all organisms, cells arise only by
division of a previously existing cell
04.01.02 Describe the factors that limit cell size. 1
A: Relates to the diffusion of substances in and out of cells,
the rate of diffusion is affected by…
1. Surface area available for diffusion
2. Temperature
3. Concentration gradient of diffusing substance
4. Distance over which diffusion must occur
04.01.03 Categorize structural and functional similarities in 1
cells.
A:
1. Nucleoid or nucleus (genetic material here)
2. Cytoplasm
3. Ribosomes (synthesize proteins)
4. Plasma membrane
04.02.01 Explain how our view of prokaryotic cell structure has 4
changed.
A: They have been described as small, simple cells with a
plasma membrane containing cytoplasm with genetic
material and ribosomes encased by a cell wall. While this was
accurate, it's oversimplified. They were thought to lack any
membrane-bounded organelles which form components in
eukaryotes, however they do have specific organelles that
provide specialized functions.
04.02.02 Distinguish between bacterial and archaeal cell 1
types.
A: The structure of their membrane lipids differ, archaeal
membrane lipids include saturated hydrocarbons that are
covalently attached to glycerol at both ends, which forms a
monolayer membrane.
04.03.01 Compare the organization of eukaryotic and 1
, prokaryotic cells.
A:
Eukaryotic: More complex with compartlementilization- uses
extensive endomembrane system to weave through cell
interior by numerous organelles. They also are supported by
an internal protein scaffold, the cytoskeleton made of chitin
or cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides
and proteins.
Prokaryotic: Has a nucleoid and a dense central region
separate from the cytoplasm and hair like growths outside
(pilus).
04.03.02 Discuss the role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. 2
A: The nucleus acts as an information center where it
contains genetic information that enables the synthesis of
nearly all proteins of a living eukaryotic cell.
04.03.03 Describe the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis. 1
A: Ribosomes are the cell’s protein synthesis machinery.
04.04.01 Identify the different parts of the endomembrane 1
system.
A: The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes,
Vesicles, and Plasma Membrane
The endomembrane system: fills the cell, dividing into
compartments, channeling the passage of molecules through
the interior of the cell, and providing surfaces for the
synthesis of lipids and some proteins.
04.04.02 Contrast the different functions of internal 1
membranes and compartments.
A:
- The rough ER is a site of protein synthesis
- The smooth ER stores intercellular ca2+ to keep
cytoplasmic levels low, it also modifies foreign
substances to make them less toxic
- The golgi apparatus sorts and packages proteins
- Lysosomes are digestive vesicle that arise from the
golgi
04.05.01 Describe the structure of mitochondria and 2
chloroplasts.
A: They are both surrounded by a double membrane and
